Validity? Maybe
What sampling design selects participants without randomization and cannot use a sampling frame
Used in sensitive cases
non-probability sampling design
This type of error doesn't have a pattern
Random
Give an example of a systemic error
If a thermometer is always 3 degrees too high, that means the mistake is consistent and happens the same way every time.
That repeatable, predictable mistake is what makes it a systematic error.
A qualitative questionnaire will use what type of questions?
Open-ended questions
Triangulation helps to increase ________ in qualitative studies
Validity
This type of error shows consistency
Systemic errors
Give an example of a random error
If a thermometer gives slightly different readings each time you measure the same person, the mistake is unpredictable and varies.
Those unpredictable, back-and-forth differences are what make it a random error.
A quantitative questionnaire will use what type of questions?
closed-ended questions
What sampling method selects sample members trying to closely match a population characteristic as closely as possible?
Quota Sampling
What are some systemic errors that happen all the time? - can answer multiples
wrong measurement used / instrument
Lack of training
Bias
Describe a research scenario where probability sampling is most appropriate and explain why
Studying depression rates among all high school students in a district would require probability sampling to ensure each student has an equal chance of selection. This allows the researcher to make accurate comparisons and generalizable claims about the entire student population.
Which sampling method involves creating a matrix of key population characteristics, assigning proportions, and selecting participants to match those weighted categories?
Quota Sampling
This type of error occurs when data is collected and creates a false narrative
Systemic
Provide a research scenario where non-probability sampling is the best choice and justify your selection
Studying the experiences of survivors of sexual abuse may require snowball sampling because this population is hidden and difficult to access safely. A probability sample would not be feasible or ethical.
Which sampling method involves the researcher using their judgment to select participants who best fit the purpose of the study?
Purposive or judgemental sampling
This type of error occurs when there are day-to-day inconsistencies in findings
Random measurement error