China
CONCEPTS
Theories
China
PIP
100
Which groups benefitted from changes in China?
Younger people – they are more willing to embrace change and with regards to the OCP don’t know a world without it
Educated people – they understand the need for change
Wealthy people – they can afford change and money is associated with power
Urban people – cities are where the most rapid change takes place
Powerful people – they can initiate and influence change
Women – More laws implemented to support equality of women
100
Gender
Gender is the socially constructed differences between females and males. Social life - including family, work, behaviour and other activities - is organised around the dimensions of this difference. Gender also refers to cultural ideals, identities and stereotypes of masculinity and femininity.
100
What is the Evolutionary Theory?
“The process of structural change that creates a slow alteration in the institutions or social roles of a society that are then integrated into that society. Evolutionary change, like all social change, can occur as a result of internal sources, such as ideological and/or cultural shifts or technological innovation, or external sources, such as environmental conditions, acculturation or cultural diffusion.” – S&C Syllabus 2013
100
What do you know about traditional Chinese life?
Confucianism is a tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life dating back 2500 years in China.
Confucianism revolves around the pursuit of the unity of the self and Tiān (Heaven), and the relationship of humankind to the Heaven.
Confucian ethics are described as humanistic (focus is on behaviour of the human rather than the supernatural/divine).
This ethical philosophy can be practiced by all the members of a society.
Confucian ethics is characterized by the promotion of virtues, encompassed by the Five Constants:
Rén (仁, benevolence, humaneness)
Yì (義/义, righteousness or justice)
Lǐ (禮/礼, proper rite)
Zhì (智, knowledge)
Xìn (信, integrity)
- Farming
- Foot binding
- Emperors
- Rituals and etiquette
- Chinese New Year
- Chinese medicine
The family is the ‘jia’ – a large, extended family unit with several generations living under the same roof.
Men have been seen as the core of the family.
Ancestors linked exclusively through men – patrilineal. Because of this, the birth of a daughter could be disappointing to families – they wouldn’t carry on the family name.
Women’s roles were primarily kinship roles: daughter, sister, wife, daughter-in-law, mother, and mother-in-law. It was incumbent on women to accord with the wishes and needs of closely-related men
Due to Confucian philosophy, women were seen as ‘yin’, men were ‘yang’.
Yin was soft, yielding, receptive, passive, reflective, and tranquil.
Yang was hard, active, assertive, and dominating.
In yin yang theory the two forces complement each other but not in strictly equal ways.
The natural relationship between yin and yang is the reason that men lead and women follow.
If yin unnaturally gains the upper hand, order at both the cosmic and social level are endangered.
Confucian classic the Book of Rites stressed the value of segregation even within the home; houses should be divided into an inner and an outer section, with the women staying in the inner part.
100
When is my PIP due?
5th of Aug
200
Which groups did not benefit from change?
- . The elderly – they may not be as able to cope with change. 4- 2- 1. Not enough age care assistance due to ageing population. Also rise in individualism has impacted filial piety
- The poor – they cannot afford assistance to help adjust to the change.
- Floating population are still not able to access full rights
- Males – 30 millions not married
- Women – female infanticide, women’s reproductive rights are controlled by OCP.
200
Authority
Authority is the right to make decisions to determine, adjudicate or settle issues and disputes in society. Authority is the legitimate use of power.
200
What is the conflict theory?
- Classes exist in society: the wealthy ruling class (bourgeoise) and the working class (proletariat)
- Social change comes about because of inequalities within society between the classes
- The ruling class controls resources which it uses to gain power, with no intention of benefiting society or the working class
200
What are some continuities in China on a micro or meso or macro level? Choose one level
gender inequality
OCP
Communism
200
What size font must my pip be?
What is the required line spacing?
What is the two fonts I can choose?
12 point
Times New Roman or Arial
1.5 line spacing
300
How has access to technologies impacted on the rate and direction of change?
More access to new ideas
Capitalism and ideas of individualism
Access to the World-Wide Web (www) has allowed for a spread of knowledge about the world
However, the restriction and blocking of websites has caused controversy, with people voicing that it has halted progress to an extent.
It impacted the direction of change as China has been able to not be as influenced by the west (homogenous)
Technology – birth control – lowered birth rates thus direction of change in relation to population is impacted ….
It has also allowed for globalisation, and the spread of information outside and inside of China – OPEN DOOR POLICY – selling Chinese products online
300
Modernisation
The adoption of new technology, education and ways of thinking.
300
What is the functionalism theory?
- Any change is evolutionary - slow and occurs over significant period of time
- Society is a system of interrelated, interdependent pairs (think like ‘cog’s or parts of the body)
- These are made up of social institutions – family, education, economic, legal, religion- which have evolved to cater for the needs of a society
- Each part functions to main an orderly and predictable system, therefore preserving social order and social stability
- The needs of society and identified and these determine how the institutional parts go about satisfying Those needs (assuming everyone wants the same thing of course)
- Social change is gradual (evolutionary change) and represents the adjustment of various institutions in response to changes in order to find balance
- Agents of social change are people’s social values gradually changing over time so long as it maintains social stability
300
What are some changes that have occurred on a micro or meso or macro level?
OCP
Divorce
Individualism - impacting elderly
People are less likely to get married - only want one child - this is a change from traditional life
300
When must all of your PIP be completed? Intro, log, chapter 1 + 2 + conclusion + most of annotated bibliography?
Week 2 of holidays
400
What are some probable continuities?
- In recent years, China has greatly enhanced the lives of women. Can you find any examples of how women’s lives have improved? Is there still gender inequality today?
- In the past few decades, China has relaxed its borders, and allowed Western ideas into the country, allowing mass globalisation. This is likely to continue, with Chinese culture being gradually being lost in time, as the rise of Western ideas and traditions overpower their own and vice versa, as Chinese influence spreads internationally.
- CCP control to be how China is governed
- Small family size, 3-2-1 problem
- Birth rate for China will continue to remain low
- Women will continue to fight for their rights. In 2003, China's Ministry of Health put a national ban on assisted reproductive technology for single women (non-married women). In 2018, the first lawsuit by a single woman against a public hospital for refusing to freeze her eggs brought the issue of a single woman's reproductive rights to public scrutiny.
- The trend of urbanisation will continue in China (see Figure 5.19) and significant environmental and social problems. It is estimated that by 2025, 350 million rural Chinese residents will have left their farms and moved to China’s cities
- Most Chinese will continue to consider that marriage is for life. In the short-term,couples will continue to marry in their 20s, but as China becomes more modernised and Westernised, the average age of marriage will increase by a few years.
400
Westernisation
Methods and values of western countries. These values include democracy, capitalism, the free market and potential progressive values like gender equality and LGBTI.
400
What is the Interactionist Theory?
- Micro level
- According to Kent McClelland, society consists of organised and patterned interactions
- Individuals act according to their interpretation of the world
- Society consists of organised and patterned interactions
- Requires micro scale analysis of social interactions
- Believes human interactions and communication create meaning
400
How does an aging population impact family and population?
400
What is the PIP structure
Cover page (title page)
Contents Page
Intro (500)
Log (500)
Central Material (2-4k)
Conclusion (500)
Annotated Bib
500
What are some likely changes?
The Hukou System has been misused in the past few decades as a caste system of sorts, and China has attempted to abolish it, although it remains deeply ingrained in their culture and traditions. However, with the impact of globalisation and modernisation, this is likely to change with time, and will gradually become obsolete https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-finally-getting-serious-about-hukou-reform
The growing and aging population of China is causing numerous issues within it, from an aging workplace to lack of support. However, there will likely be a rise in youth post 2016, as the TCP intends to bring more youth into the country to balance the elderly
Women’s rights will continue to improve - China amended its Women’s Protection Law on October 30, 2022, aiming to give women stronger protection against sexual harassment and gender discrimination. Taking effect on January 1, 2023, the law has added several provisions that shall impose new requirements on businesses regarding female employee management. We discuss the key implications of the new Women’s Protection Law for employers in China.
500
Globalisation
The process of integration and sharing of goods, capital, labour, services, knowledge, ideas and culture between countries. Globalisation is evidenced by world sport, tourism, worldwide consumption and economic systems. Globalisation is assisted by technologies and media integration resulting in an increasing consciousness of the world as a single place.
500
What are the three directions of change?
Linear, Cyclical and dialectical
500
When was the OCP established?
When did it change to the two child policy?
When were only children in China allowed to have two babies?
When did it change to the three child policy?
- One child policy ( 1979 - 2016 ) two child policy ( 2016 - 2021 ) three child policy ( 2021 )
- two only children parents could have 2 babies in 2013
500
What are 3 things you must do throughout your PIP? What are 3 requirements? some elements you must include in your writing?
- Demonstrates thorough and sustained synthesis of relevant ideas, issues and information relating personal experience and public knowledge
Effectively applies social and cultural research methods to the Personal Interest Project
Makes informed judgements on the usefulness, validity and bias of information that contributed to the Personal Interest Project
Effectively applies and integrates social and cultural terms and concepts throughout the Personal Interest Project
Comprehensively addresses cross-cultural perspectives and continuity and/or change
Presents a clear, coherent and well-structured Personal Interest Project that demonstrates highly effective communication, incorporating accurate and appropriate language and, where applicable, graphic forms