scott
what are the three pillars of institutions? (just name them)
regulative, normative, cultural-cognitive
three part dialectic of...
social construction
ethnomethodology is
the sociology of indexicals
what does "institutions think for us" mean to douglas?
institutions shape how we think and what we think about
are all these authors some form of functionalists?
yes
how is the regulative pillar different from the normative and cultural cognitive pillars?
regulative relies on concrete rules and laws, the other two rely on social pressures
what forms institutions? why does this mean that all institutions have history?
habits --> behavior repeated over and over (therefore, creating a history)
what are indexicals?
words that aren't assigned a specific reference
what are thought-worlds?
shared frameworks of knowledge and beliefs
what theorist takes a micro perspective? how?
garfinkel --> analyzing interactions and conversation as opposed to structures
berger and luckmann also focus on habits and how this creates institutions
what distinguishes the normative and cultural-cognitive pillars?
normative assumes that the actor is more aware of their decisions (acting out of expectation), cultural-cognitive assumes actors act without really thinking and just out of habit
describe the relationship between externalization, objectivation, and internalization
externalization refers to how we construct the social world, objectivation refers to how we come to understand these constructions as natural and existing without humans, and internalization is how these structures come to influence our thoughts and behaviors. they have a dialectic relationship where all three happen at once and all influence each other
what does garfinkel mean by saying indexicals are "morally loaded"?
why do institutions work?
because of actions --> actions shaped by knowledge/thought-worlds
differences on "knowing" vs. "acting"
berger and luckmann center knowledge in their analysis
garfinkel really only discusses acting through language
douglas emphasizes that institutions work through action, but also analyzes how thought-styles are key to social construction
berger and luckmann are known for their analysis as the sociology of ______
knowledge --> how do we know the world and come to understand it?
what are we supposed to know?
what is the "shared accomplishment" of indexicals
it is a social feat to understand and communicate through indexicals, and doing so maintains institutions
what is douglas's view of autonomy?
we certainly do think for ourselves, but at the same time, how we think and what we think about are socially determined by institutions
how do the three theorists (excluding scott) view the "cultural dope"?
none of these theorists would view humans as cultural dopes, but garfinkel and douglas in particular view human action as driving institutions and this action requires a level of autonomy that is necessarily addressed by berger and luckmann. berger and luckmann focus on habits which is kinda on the view of cultural dopes
explain legitimation
how institutions are "legitimated," how we understand institutions as real and correct, which is done through the creation of symbolic universes. also requires plausibility structures which are any institution that justifies its own or other structures existence
garfinkel's view on institutions is...
institutions are defined through social interaction and institutions
what is bricolage and what does this mean for how institutions change?
institutions are rooted in analogy, we interpret things in the world through this analogy
so, for institutions to change, this analogy must change