The period of time with a shift from religion to science and quickly growing industrialization, urbanization, colonization, revolution, overpopulation, and crime.
What is the enlightenment?
100
An explanation that has been supported through multiple repeated tests
What is a theory
100
These are objective consequences for a specialized unit (person, subgroup, social or cultural system) which contribute to its adjustment or adaptation and were so intended.
What are manifest functions?
100
Ethnomethodology seeks to give these "the attention usually accorded extraordinary events."
What are everyday occurrences
100
Berger and Luckmann argue that we are "conscious of the world as consisting of multiple _____"
What are realities
200
The description of society that says it works like a cell or a human body
What is the organic analogy
200
A prediction of what our results will be if the theory being tested is accurate
What is a hypothesis
200
This behavior may perform a function for the group although this function may be quite remote from the intended purpose
What are latent functions?
200
Garfinkle says "it is my preference to start with familiar scenes and ask what can be done to make _____"
What is trouble?
200
According to Berger and Luckmann, "_____ marks the co-ordinates of my life in society and fills that life with meaningful objects."
What is language?
300
The assumption that society seeks to form a system that balances as long as each member fulfills his or her role
What is equilibrium
300
The process of observing phenomena, applying a theory, constructing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, analyzing findings, coming to a conclusion, and sharing results
What is the scientific method
300
Merton argues that the distinctive intellectual contributions of the sociologist are found primarily in the study of these
What are latent functions
300
Garfinkle instructed students to challenge parts of everyday conversations that were understood but unspoken by continuously asking this
What do you mean by _____?
300
"The reality of everyday life is organized around the "here" of my body and the "_____" of my present.
What is now?
400
According to Durkheim, the things that we think will benefit society are called this
What is good
400
The assumption that if two explanations are offered, the simpler explanation is more likely to be true
What is Occam's Razor
400
Moral evaluations in a society tend to be largely in terms of these functions
What are manifest functions?
400
Garfinkle proposed "interrupting" the natural flow of everyday life by violating expected behaviors and observing how behaviors are interpreted and explained, a process known as
What are breaching experiments?
400
What do Berger and Luckmann call the "knowledge I share with others in the normal, self-evident routines of everyday life."
What is commonsense knowledge
500
Durkheim argued that when people worshiped a religious totem they were actually worshiping this
What is the society itself
500
The evidence presented by Galileo that "proved" Copernicus's theory of a heliocentric solar system
What are lunar-like phases of Venus
500
Functions of a practice or belief which is not common knowledge and represent greater departure from common sense
What are latent functions?
500
This philosophical argument that reality consists of objects and events that must be experienced by an individual on a first-person basis that was later applied to sociology by Alfred Schutz
What is phenomenology?
500
Children's knowledge of institutions and institutional history is gained by way of this