Famous people
Who coined the term sociology?
Auguste Comte
The term for a group's shared values, beliefs, norms, language, practices, and artifacts.
culture
This is a testable statement predicting a relationship between two or more variables.
hypothesis
This term describes behavior that violates a societies norms, whether or not it breaks a law
deviance
This lifelong process teaches people society's norms, values, beliefs, and expected behaviors.
Socialization
Karl Marx
A traveler calls another society's customs wrong because they do not match the traveler's own customs. This viewpoint is called...
ethnocentrism
When a study can be repeated with consistent results it has this quality
reliability
This is deviant behavior that specifically violates formal law
Crime
For most people this is the first agent of socialization
Family
Why did Émile Durkheim compare suicide rates across religious communities?
To identify social forces affecting an individual act
A sociologist tried to understand a custom using the standards of the culture in which it occurs. This practice is called...
cultural relativism
Validity
sanctions
A small, close, emotionally significant group, such as a tight-knit family, is this type of group.
primary group
Which sociologists developed the concept of the looking-glass self
Charles Horton Cooley
Technology changes quickly, but laws and social expectations take longer to catch up. This is called..
cultural lag
In this field method, researchers join a group's routine activities while observing the group from the inside.
participant observation
This theory focuses on how being publicly defined as "deviant" can shape a person's identity and future behavior.
Labeling theory
A group that people use as a standard for evaluating themselves is called this
What is a reference group
His Philadelphia study used hundreds of interviews, and he wrote about the "double consciousness"
W.E.B. Du Bois
This hypothesis proposes that the language people use influences how they perceive and think about the world.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Unlike a survey, this method studies a single person or group in extreme depth, but the findings cannot be generalized.
A case study
This theory predicts more crime where communities have weak social ties and limited informal social control
social disorganization theory
What is an example of a total institution and why?
a prison, convent, or similar setting that separates participants from wider society and directs most parts of daily life.