General
What is sociology?
Study of social behaviour and human groups
What is socialization?
The process by which the individual learns the behavioural patterns, skills, and values of their social world
Who is the forefather of sociology?
Ibn Khaldun
What is conformity?
Process through which members modify their behaviour to comply with the group’s norms/decisions
What is a stereotype?
a belief/view about the personal attributes of a group of people.
Define Society.
a large group of people who live in the same area & who share a distinctive culture and institutions
What do individuals learn through socialization?
Basic Skills: How to take care of themselves, Socially acceptable goals: Marriage, employment etc., Roles and Behaviours: How to act in certain situations
What did Auguste Comte contribute?
What are some major factors that influence conformity?
Group size, group unanimity, public vs private response, self-esteem, ambigious situation or difficult task, status of members/group
What is the difference between race and ethnicity
Race refers to a person's biological characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color, ethnicity refers to cultural factors, including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, and language.
What do sociologists study?
Study individual behaviour within a group, behaviour of groups, society as a whole, attempt to understand the complex world around us, observe and conduct practical research into key social issues and behaviour in order to try and explain why society functions the way it does
What is the primary agent of socialization?
What is the difference between Macro vs Micro sociology?
Macrosociology: approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale, Study of social structures and institutions, Ex: study religion by looking at religious worship as a large structure or institution
Microsociology: study of small groups and individuals within a society, Study of social interactions (roles, relationships), ex: study religion by looking at individual worshipper or small group of worshippers
What is a fad and what are some examples?
an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something, especially one that is short-lived and then is forgotten at about the same speed-figet spinners, crocs, beanie babies, pokemon go
Who is WEB Du Bois?
Credited with pioneering the subfield of race & ethnicity in sociology in North America
What did the Stanford Prison Experiment seek to understand?
Examined how institutions can impact how a person and how a label and other's behaviours impact a person's behaviour
What are the different types of socialization and what are they?
Primary: The process of learning the basic skills needed to survive in society, secondary: The process of learning how to behave appropriately in group situations, Anticipatory: The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations, Resocialization: The process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour and Abnormal socialization: A lack of socially acceptable socialization
What is structural functionalism and Sociological feminist theory and who are the key theorists?
SF: Explains how institutions are interdependent and work together to build our social world. Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons
Feminist: how gender is constructed - Dorathy Smith
What are the different types of crowds? Name as many as possible.
conventional, casual, expressive, acting, mobs, smart mobs, riots, panic/mass hysteria
What is Systemic Racism and Racial Profiling?
Systemic Racism: Inequalities built into an organization/system (ex racial profiling) - Policies and practices built into in established institutions which result in exclusion or promotion of designated groups
Racial Profiling: the practice of selecting specific racial groups for greater levels of criminal justice surveillance.
What is the Looking-Glass Self?
In the early 1900s, sociologist Charles Horton Cooley coined the phrase The looking glass self. It suggests that individuals base their sense of self on how they BELIEVE other perceive them - not necessarily how they actually perceive them
What are some secondary agents of socialization?
Peer Groups, School, Religion, The Workplace, Media
What is conflict theory and symbolic interactionism and who are the key theorists?
Conflict theory: society is based in power struggles - Karl Marx
SI: society is based in shared meanings - Charles Herbert Mead, Max Weber and Charles Horton Cooley
What did the Asch experiments examine and what is the bystander effect?
Asch: Conformity experiments; when those around you are doing something, you are more likely to follow along. Bystander effect: Social Phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that one of them will help.
What are the 4 theories of discrimination and what do they mean?
Learned Theory:learn from seeing behaviours of others (socialization)
Competition Theory:competition for power (Marxism)
Frustration Aggression Theory: frustration developed because of lack financial success/social status - breeds resentment
Ignorance Theory:fear of unfamiliar cultural practices (view other customs as odd/negative)