General
Research questions that limit the possible responses
What are close-ended questions?
Rules and guidelines for behavior that is considered acceptable within a group
What are norms?
Typically the earliest agent of socialization
What is Family?
The smallest possible social group
What is a dyad?
Term refers to any behavior that violates social norms and expectations?
What is deviance?
System by which a society ranks people in a hierarchy based on wealth, power, and prestige.
What is social stratification?
A condition where people lack the basic necessities of life such as food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare.
Believed that the history of society was one of class struggle
Who is Karl Marx?
Tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others
What is ethnocentrism?
The ongoing discussion of the roles of genetics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits
What is Nature vs Nurture?
A group made up of close, personal relationships that are long-lasting and emotionally meaningful
What is a primary group?
A behavior that violated official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
What is a crime?
Type of system is based on birth and largely closed, such as the caste system in India
What is a caste system?
Trend in which women represent a disproportionate percentage of the world’s poor, often due to gender discrimination and unequal access to resources.
What is the feminization of poverty?
The ability to understand the connections between biography and history, or the interplay of the self and the world
What is the sociological imagination?
The ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values, without reference to any other cultural standards
What is cultural relativism?
The status you are born with and is difficult to change
What is ascribed?
A group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior
What is a Reference group?
A prediction that causes itself to come true
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
The three main dimensions make up a person’s socioeconomic status (SES)
What are income, education and occupation?
According to Immanuel Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory, the three categories of nations.
What are Core, semi-peripheral, and peripheral nations?
Theory that believes that society is a stable system of structures, each of which contributes to the equilibrium of the whole
What is Structural Functionalism?
A group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture
What is a subculture?
The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group
What is Socialization?
Term for the tendency of group members to conform to group norms, sometimes leading to poor decisions
What is Groupthink?
The theory that states that a crime is most likely to occur in a community where neighbors don't know each other very well
What is social disorganization theory?
Movement up or down the class system across generations (e.g., a child achieves a higher class than their parents).
What is intergenerational mobility?
Theory argues that inequality results because poor nations remain dependent on wealthy nations that exploit their resources
What is the dependency theory?
Research technique that focuses on gaining an insider's perspective of the everyday lives of subjects under investigation, often dispelling stereotypes about the group being investigated
What is Participant Observation?
The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?
What is a counter culture?
The set of behaviors expected of someone because of his or her status
What is role?
A social experiment that revealed that people are likely to follow authority figures even when asked to perform harmful acts.
A physical or social attribute that devalues a person or groups identity
What is stigma?
Individuals who have jobs but earn too little to rise above the poverty line.
Who are the working poor?
Measures a country’s average achievements in life expectancy, education, and standard of living to assess overall human development and inequality.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)