Population and Variables
Whats the population: Students will be more successful in academics if they participate in extracurriculars
population: students
measured with numbers
quantitative
people in a hurry are less likely to help someone in need than people not in a hurry
Good Samaritan Experiment
the variable that is the "cause" in cause and effect".
is not reliant upon another stimuli
independent variable
the extent to which a test yeilds consistent results
reliability
Whats the dependent variable: people who read novels experience less stress than people who only watch tv
dependent: stress levels
a graph
quantitative
Children are more likely to play violently when violet play is modeled by an adult
Bobo Doll experiment
the variable that is the "effect" in cause and effect. is reliant upon another stimuli
dependent variable
the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure
validity
whats the independent variable? Classical music makes people less aggressive
classical music
cannot be expressed with numbers
qualitative
responsibility to help others tends to be diffused when people are in a crowd
bystander apathy
is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables
hypothesis
a particular preference or point of view that is personal rather than scientific
bias
what's the dependent variable: married people take better care of themselves than a single person
dependent: care levels
narration
qualitative
people change their behaviors as a result of being observed
Hawthorne effect
A small group selected by researchers to represent the most important characteristics of entire population
sample
the extent to which the findings from one group can be generalized or applied to other groups
generalizability
whats the independent variable? People who volunteer their time have a more positive outlook on their life than those who don't.
independent: volunteered time
achievement tests
quantitative
Hostility can arise between two groups in conflict and competition for scarce resources
Robber's Cave Experiement
all the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study
population
explain the difference between causation and correlation
causation- a relationship in which one variable directly effects another, causing a change
correlation- a change in one coincides with another