Vocabulary
Behavior, beliefs, or conditions that violate social norms or rules
Deviance
Deviance that benefits society
Positive Deviance
Behavior that violates formal laws.
Crime
Theory that people learn deviant behavior from others.
Differential Association Theory
Efforts to change criminal behavior through treatment or education
Rehabilitation
Ways in which society encourages conformity to norms and discourages deviance
Social Control
Deviance that harms others or breaks rules.
Negative Deviance
System including police, courts, and corrections.
Criminal Justice System
Theory focusing on how labels influence behavior
Labeling Theory
Paying victims back for losses caused by crime
Restitution
Rewards or punishments used to enforce norms.
Social Sanctions
Minor rule-breaking that does not alter a person’s identity.
Primary Deviance
Punishment meant to discourage future crime.
What is deterrance?
Theory stating that weak social bonds lead to deviance
Control Theory
The likelihood of reoffending after punishment
Recidivism
A negative label that discredits a person
Stigma
Deviance that results from accepting a deviant label.
Secondary Deviance
Punishment focused on making offenders pay for harm
Retribution
Theory that links deviance to blocked opportunities
Strain Theory
When victims are blamed or not taken seriously
Victim Discounting
A condition where social norms are weak or unclear
Anomie
Crime committed by professionals for financial gain.
White Collar Crime
Confinement in jail or prison
Incarceration
Theory most associated with self-fulfilling prophecy
Labeling Theory
A system that focuses on behavior change instead of punishment.
Rehabilitation