Functionalism
What is the main focus of functionalism?
The main focus of functionalism is on the way each part of society functions to maintain the stability of the whole.
What type of status can be changed during one's lifetime?
Achieved status is a social position that a person can acquire through their actions and choices, and it can change during one's lifetime.
What sociologist is known for his theory on symbolic interactionism?
George Mead is known for his theory on symbolic interactionism, which emphasizes the importance of symbols and social interactions in shaping individual identity.
What theory emphasizes the role of power and oppression in society?
Neo-Marxist perspectives emphasize the role of power and oppression in society, particularly in relation to the distribution of resources and social inequalities.
What type of group is characterized by a formal structure and impersonal relationships?
A secondary group is characterized by a formal structure, limited social interactions, and impersonal relationships.
How do functionalists view society as functioning?
Functionalists view society as a system where each part works together to maintain the overall stability and functioning of the whole.
Give an example of an achieved status.
An example of an achieved status is becoming a doctor, as it is a social position that is attained through individual effort and accomplishment.
What term did Mead use to describe the process of understanding how others see us?
George Mead used the term "looking-glass self" to describe the process of understanding how others perceive and evaluate us, shaping our self-concept.
How do Neo-Marxist perspectives view the distribution of resources in society?
Neo-Marxist perspectives view the distribution of resources in society as unequal and influenced by power dynamics, leading to social and economic disparities.
What is a primary group in contrast to a secondary group?
A primary group is characterized by intimate, long-term relationships and emotional bonds, while a secondary group has more formal and task-oriented relationships with less emotional depth.
Name one function of social institutions in functionalism.
One function of social institutions in functionalism is to provide social order and stability by regulating behavior and interactions.
Can achieved status change throughout one's life?
Yes, achieved status can change throughout one's life based on individual actions, accomplishments, and societal recognition.
What did Mead believe is essential for the development of self?
Mead believed that social interaction and the ability to take the perspective of others (role-taking) are essential for the development of self.
Perspectives: How does conflict theory view social inequality?
Conflict theory views social inequality as a result of power struggles and competition for limited resources, leading to the exploitation of certain groups in society.
What are some examples of secondary groups in society?
Examples of secondary groups include work teams, professional organizations, and social clubs.
How do functionalists believe social stability is maintained?
Functionalists believe that social stability is maintained through shared values, norms, and institutions that create cohesion and regulate behavior in society.
Why is achieved status different from ascribed status?
Achieved status is different from ascribed status because it is earned through individual effort and choices, while ascribed status is assigned at birth or based on characteristics beyond one's control.
How did Mead describe the "I" and "Me" components of the self?
Mead described the "I" as the spontaneous and impulsive part of the self, while the "Me" represents the socialized and reflective part shaped by societal expectations.
How do Neo-Marxist perspectives critique capitalism?
Neo-Marxist perspectives critique capitalism for perpetuating class inequalities, alienating workers, and prioritizing profit over human needs.
What are the characteristics of a secondary group?
Characteristics of a secondary group include formal structures, goal-oriented relationships, and less emotional intimacy compared to primary groups.
Give an example of a social institution and its function according to functionalism.
An example could be the education system, which functions to socialize individuals, transmit knowledge and skills, and prepare them for future roles in society.
How can achieved status influence an individual's opportunities in society?
Achieved status can influence an individual's opportunities by opening doors to certain positions, privileges, and social networks based on their accomplishments and qualifications.
How did Mead suggest individuals develop a sense of self through social interaction?
Mead suggested that individuals develop a sense of self by engaging in symbolic interactions, role-playing, and taking the perspective of others to understand how they are perceived.
What are some ways in which conflict theory explains social change?
Conflict theory explains social change through revolutions, social movements, power struggles, and the challenge to existing structures and inequalities in society.
Can a secondary group become a primary group over time?
While rare, a secondary group can develop deeper emotional bonds, trust, and personal connections over time, potentially evolving into a primary group for its members.