Ch 1 - Introduction to Sociology
The scientific/systemic study of social behavior in human groups
What is the definition of sociology?
The physical objects that people create and use to form groups vs abstract human creations.
What is the difference between Material & Nonmaterial Culture?
The enforcing of norms through either internal or external means
What is social control?
One of these occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status, while the other occurs when a person has difficulty meeting multiple expectations within a single status.
What is the difference between Role Conflict & Role Strain?
The debate over whether personality and behavior are determined entirely by genetics or entirely by environmental factors.
What is nature vs nurture?
This man tried to apply scientific thinking to the study of social life. Often considered the "founding father of sociology".
Who was Aguste Comte?
Technology, Symbols, Values, Language, Norms
What are the 5 Components of Culture?
Behavior that violates important social norms, defined by society and varying across cultures and time periods.
What is deviance?
Exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation, accommodation
What are the 5 types of social interaction?
A study done on a girl who was isolated and deprived of social interaction during childhood, used to study how extreme neglect affects language and social development.
What was the "Genie: The Wild Child" case study?
Applied the idea of “survival of the fittest” to society, arguing that social problems were natural and that governments should not interfere because society would improve on its own.
Who was Herbert Spencer?
Norms that do not have great moral significance (napkin on lap, holding door)
What is a Folkway?
Functionalist Approach, Conflict Theory, and the Interactionist Perspective
What are the 3 sociological approaches to explaining deviance?
A ranked organizational system that operates through division of labor, formal qualifications, rules and regulations, and clear authority and promotion structures.
What is Webers model of beurocracy?
The Family, the Peer Group, the School, the Mass Media
What are the 4 agents of socialization?
Historical Method, Content Analysis, Survey Method, Observation, Case Study, and Statistical Analysis
What are the 6 sociological research methods?
Norms that do carry great moral significance (murder, theft, fraud)
What is a more?
Sanctions used to punish criminals. Used for retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection.
What is corrections and its 4 basic functions?
The tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals alone, and a group with beliefs viewed by most as strange or unorthodox.
What is risky shift and a cult?
Sensorimoter stage (2 years), Preoperational stage (2-7 years), Concrete Operational stage (6-7 years), Formal Operational stage (12 years)
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?