Basics
The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior.
What is sociology?
Evidence from direct experience or observation.
What is empirical evidence?
Language, Clothing, Flags, Emojis
What are symbols?
A formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding.
What is a secondary group?
The lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture.
What is socialization?
Analyzing and evaluating what you think and why you think it.
What is critical thinking?
What do sociologists study?
Human behavior, institutions, social groups
The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. Essential for individuals and for the survival of societies.
What is culture?
Any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior.
What is a reference group?
The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint.
What is role taking? (bonus: name the theorist)
Define Sociological Imagination.
An ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
Research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form.
What is quantitative research (bonus: list 1 method)
A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differ from the pattern of the larger society.
What is subculture?
What is the difference between role conflict and role strain?
Role conflict = the situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person
Role strain = the difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations
What is the major point of dramaturgy and which theorist is connected to this theory?
Self development through the impressions we convey to others and to groups.
Who is Goffman?
Define "social institution" and provide 3 examples.
An organized pattern of beliefs or behavior centered on basic social needs (the family, mass media, the government, the economy, the health care system, religion)
Research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data.
What is qualitative research? (bonus: list 1 method)
Give 2 examples of folkways and 2 examples of mores.
Folkways (informal) and Mores (formal)
List 3 ascribed statuses and 3 achieved statuses
ascribed: race, gender, age, family relation
achieved: student, employment, sports, friend, roommate
Define resocialization.
The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. (Bonus: provide an example)
Name the characteristics of bureaucracies.
Division of labor, hierarchy of authority, written rules and regulations, impersonality, employment based on technical qualifications.
List the 3 basics of thinking methodologically.
Treat all knowledge as tentative. Think both as a scientist and an artist. Know the appropriate uses of social research tools.
Define value contradictions.
Define role exit and list the 4 stages.
Role exit is the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity.
Doubt, search for alternatives, action stage/departure, creation of new identity
Describe Cooley's looking-glass self.
Stages of development not distinct; feelings toward ourselves developed through interaction with others.