Chapter 1-2 Vocabulary
The scientific study of human social relations, groups, and societies
Sociology
The beliefs, norms, rituals, behaviors, languages, and collective identities and memories developed by a specific group that brings meanings to their social world
Culture
Any attitude, behavior, or condition that violates cultural norms or societal laws that results in disapproval, hostility, or sanction if it becomes known
Deviance
Believed that all societies have been divided into classes, with one class prospering at the expense of others
Karl Marx
This text addressed what should motivate a Sociologist, the way a Sociologist looks at the world, and what separates Sociology from other similar disciplines.
The Sociological Imagination by Wright Mills
The degree or relation in how two variables are associated with one another, could be positive or negative
Correlation
A study Bourdieu is interested in focuses on class status being passed on from one generation onto the next
Social Class Reproduction
A group size of two people that is coincidentally unstable and intense
Dyads
Founded the field of psychoanalysis as well as the Id, Superego, and Ego.
Sigmund Freud
This supplemental reading discussed how social norms differ across countries. They specifically used the example of how different a fast food chain is in America than in China and how they changed this restaurant to fit their culture while still experiencing globalization
McDonald’s in Hong Kong: Consumerism, Dietary Change, and the Rise of a Children’s Culture by James L Watson
Specifies the exact steps, tools, and procedures a researcher will use to measure or manipulate an abstract concept in a study
Operational Definition
According to Sigmund Freud, the part of the mind that consists of the values and norms of society insofar as they are internalized, or taken in, by the individual
Superego
emphasizes how wealthy and powerful groups are able to define as deviant any behavior that runs counter to their interests
Class-dominant theories of deviance
Developed the concept of bureaucracy and studied authority, organizations, and rationalization
Max Weber
This reading examines hookup culture on college campuses and how social norms and expectations shape students' sexual behavior and experiences
"American Hookup” by Lisa Wade
A sampling strategy where every person in the population has the same chanced of being picked for the study
Random Sampling
The worldview that one judges other peoples culture via comparison to their own cultures standards
Ethnocentrism
The result of what happens when members of a group ignore anything that goes against the consensus of the group
Groupthink
Prominent theorist that helped develop Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
This reading identifies a popular company that establishes social control on the people who attend the location through carefully designed environments and rules
From the Panopticon* to Disney World:
The Development of Discipline
A relationship between two variables that appears to be connected but is actually caused by a third variable
Spurious Relationship
The internalization of social conditions and opportunities that influences how individuals perceive their choices and behave
Habitus
The tendency for bureaucratic organizations to become increasingly controlled by a small group of leaders, even when they were originally democratic
Iron Law of Oligarchy
Developed the concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity and argued that shared beliefs and values help unite society
Emile Durkheim
This reading examines mass incarceration in the United States as a system of racial inequality, comparing it to a modern caste system
Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow