Founders (Chapter 1)
Who was the founder of sociology?
Auguste Comte
What is the independent variable is this example?
A student wants to determine how the amount of water on the road impacts the stopping distance of a car.
Amount of Water (on road)
Identify a two material culture examples that are a part of Valentine's Day.
Roses, chocolates, heart shaped stuff, the color red, gifts, etc.
Mark is arrested for selling stolen automobile parts, and then sentenced to three months in jail. This is a ______________ sanction.
Formal
What was the first type of society?
Hunter-Gathering
Which sociologist is most closely associated with the conflict perspective?
Karl Marx
What is the dependent variable in this example?
A student wants to determine how the amount of water on the road impacts the stopping distance of a car.
Stopping Distance (of car)
Identify two examples of non-material culture that are a part of Thanksgiving.
Spending time with family, identifying things you are thankful for, talking about memories, etc.
The monkeys in Harry Harlow's experiment primarily stayed with (the cloth mother doll or the wire mother doll)?
Cloth Mother Doll
Which types of society make heavy use of mechanization?
Industrial societies
Harriet Martineau wrote about the link between the oppression of women and ____________.
Slavery
What is the control group in this experiment?
James wants to see how athletes increase their athletic performance when given a new diet that is higher on proteins.
Group with old (non-protein) diet.
What is the reflex in this example?
Julie is playing golf. As she is standing on the course she hears "heads up" and then covers her head as another player's ball lands three feet from her.
Covering her head (ducking)
List two of the three major points symbolic interactionists identify as major influences upon "the self"?
Self-Concept, Looking Glass Self, Significant Others
Industrial societies experience _____________ solidarity where people are interdependent upon each other's roles and functions.
Organic
Which perspective is most closely associated with the understanding that we wave to greet each other, knowing to stop at a red sign, and who to handshake and who to "dap up"?
Symbolic Interactionism
Amount of sunscreen used and the amount of ice cream eaten by the population both increase and decrease in the same times of the year. What is this called, since it is the weather that actually influences the correlation?
Spurious Correlation
What does the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis state our concept of reality is dependent upon?
Our language
Identify three "significant others" that a kindergartner would have?
Parents, Other Family Members, Teacher, Classmates
James has two work two shifts at Chick-fil-A, because of this, he is unable to attend his brother's birthday party. This is an example of _________ __________.
Role Conflict
Emile Durkheim
List two constants that need to be kept in order for this experiment to be valid?
A student wants to determine how the amount of water on the road impacts the stopping distance of a car.
Same car, weight of car, same driver, same type of brakes, same tires, same road, etc.
What is the term for judging other cultures in terms of one’s own cultural standards, like when we think it is "weird" that some cultures eat spiders and other insects?
Ethnocentrism
According to Mead, the part of the self most closely associated with spontaneous, unlearned, and creative acts is the _________.
I
What are two ascribed statuses in this example:
Heather is a sophomore who has just made all-region band for her ability to play the saxophone
Daughter, Granddaughter, Sophomore, Girl, etc.