Basics
Norms
Values
Diversity
Similarity
100
What is the knowledge, values, language, and physical objects shared by members of a society known as?
Culture
100
What are the rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior called?
Norms
100
What are broad ideas about what most people in a society consider desirable called?
Values
100
What is a group in a society that shares a certain social characteristic, such as age or gender, called?
Social category
100
What are cultural universals?
General cultural traits that exist in all cultures
200
What is the most powerful symbol used in cultural transmission?
Language
200
What type of norms have moral significance?
Mores
200
What are a society's ideas about the nature of reality called?
Beliefs
200
What is a group in a society that is part of the dominant culture but differs from it in a particular way called?
Subculture
200
What are the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits?
Cultural Particulars
300
What is the study of the biological basis of human behavior?
Sociobiology
300
What type of norms cover customary ways of behaving but lack moral significance?
Folkways
300
Values are important because they provide the basis for a society's what?
Norms
300
What is a group in a society that is part of the dominant culture but deliberately opposes certain central beliefs called?
Counterculture
300
What does a society use to teach norms?
Sanctions
400
What is the theory that states that our idea of reality depends largely upon the structure of our language?
Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)
400
What type of norms are formally defined and enforced by officials?
Laws
400
Physical objects in a culture have meanings based on what 3 things of a society?
Beliefs, norms, and values
400
What is judging others in terms of one's own cultural standard called?
Ethnocentrism
400
What is material culture?
The concrete, tangible objects of a culture
500
According to most sociologists, what portion of your personality is determined by genetics?
50%
500
What type of norm is the most serious and demands punishment in any situation?
Taboo
500
Identify 3 basic values in the U.S.
Achievement and success, Equality, Democracy,

Efficiency and practicality, Group Superiority, Activity and work

500
Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of ethnocentrism.
Advantages:  people feel good about themselves and confident; Stability is promoted

Disadvantages:  extreme ethnocentrism can prevent change for the better; can lead to persecution of other cultures and societies

500
Identify one reason for the existence of cultural universals.
Biological similarity shared by all humans; physical environment; societies face many of the same problems
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