Deviance
Behavior that violates significant social norms.
What is deviance?
Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.
What are sanctions?
Involve either stealing or intentionally damaging someone else's property.
What is Property Crime?
What is the major functionalist explanation for deviance?
Strain theory
The most important components of the criminal justice system are..
What are police, courts, and corrections?
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviance apart from the rest of society.
What is stigma?
The process by which norms become a part of an individual's personality
What is internalization?
Offenses committed by people of high social status in the course of their professional lives.
What is White-Collar Crime?
Situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or not applicable.
Anomie
Once a crime has been committed and reported, it falls under the jurisdiction of the...
What is the criminal-justice system?
Fill in the blank. ______ views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values,norms and structure of society.
What is Strain theory?
A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or a group.
What is an informal sanction?
Police have considerable power to decide who is actually arrested.
What is Police Discretion?
They believe that competition and social inequality lead to deviance.
Conflict theorists
How many factors do police officers consider?
What are 5 factors?
Fill in the blank. _____ focus on the individual come to be identified as deviant.
What is labeling theory?
Enforcing norms through either internal or external means
What is social control?
Practice of assuming that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit a crime.
What is Racial Profiling?
Proposed three major explanations for deviance.
Interactionists
What are sanctions used to punish criminals called?
What are corrections?
This deviant is the occasional violation of norms. Individuals who commit this deviance do not see themselves as deviant and neither does society.
What is primary deviance?
Rewards or punishments given by school, business, or government.
What is formal sanction?
Process of legal negotiation.
What is Plea Bargaining?
Deviance as a lifestyle and results in the individual being labeled as deviant.
Secondary deviance
What is the process of legal negotiation that allows an accused person to plead guilty to a lesser charge?
What is plea bargaining?
This deviance refers to deviance as a lifestyle and results in an individual being labeled as deviant and believing the label.
What is secondary deviance?
A common form of control, outside of the family, like teachers.
What is positive sanction?
repeated criminal behavior
What is Recidivism?
Explains deviance as a behavior learned through interactions with others
Cultural transmission theory
The higher arrest rate among African Americans is a result of...
What is racial profiling?
Which of Merton's five strain theory of deviance accepts cultural goals but uses disapproved ways of achieving them?
What is Innovation?
The possibility of getting a parking ticket is usually enough to persuade you not to park in a "no parking" zone.
What is negative sanction?
Large scale organization of professional criminals.
What is a crime syndicate?
Focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant
Labeling theory
What is the term used for repeated criminal behavior?
What is recidivism?