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What is Sociology?
The scientific study of groups and social behaviors.
An Italian Physician who published a paper in 1882 on suicide rates and moral statistics
Henry Morselli
What is Praxis?
Using data to explain social behaviors.
What is Organic Solidarity?
A group with division of labor, held together because they need each other to function, like organs in a body
Radical German philosopher who is credited with being the father of Conflict Theory. Saw conflict as a catalyst for change, but conflict was rooted in inequity.
Karl Marx
What is the sociological imagination?
The technique in which people view groups, either by recognizing behavior patterns between people, or by putting an individual in context of the group.
A philosopher and researcher who published "Suicide" in 1897, said suicide happens when social ties are weak or broken.
Emile Durkheim
English philosopher who sought to understand society, but not change it. He was an evolutionist, so change was inevitable, and a Darwinist, so only the fittest in society would survive.
Herbert Spencer
What is Egoist Suicide?
The group promotes independence, and the individual may not have social ties to fall back on in times of need.
Max Weber
What do sociologists study?
Groups and social behaviours.
Who is the father of Sociology, having coined the term in 1938?
August Comte
What are social facts?
"things" we create when we interact that influence our behavior, they can be relationships, the desire for a relationship, or rules
What is Altruistic Suicide?
The group values the group over the individual, and compels the individual to give up their life for the better of the group.
African-American conflict theorist who was the first to study racial inequality, specifically poverty in black communities as a product of continued prejudice, discrimination, and slavery. Said black people in the US lived in two worlds: black & white, and that black people had "double consciousness"
W.E.B. Du Bois
Who and when are people most likely to recognize how the group influences the person?
When the person is in a marginalized group, or during times of social change or crisis.
What are the two parts of Comte's sociology?
Social Statics - how societies came into being
Social Dynamics - how societies change
What two things did Durkheim believe brought groups together?
Religion and Division of Labor.
What is Anomic Suicide?
Suicide in times of abrupt negative change in personal or social circumstances
Three Types of Social Action
Traditional - based on customs - traditional leaders
Affective - based on emotions - charismatic leaders
Rational - based on means/ends calculations - rational leaders
A Belgian astronomer and French Lawyer who were the first to look at data regarding the behavior of a group, called their study "Moral Statistics," and published their findings in 1833 about it.
Adolphe Quetelet and Andre Guerry
What are the stages in the 3 Stage Theory of Social Change?
1st - Theological Stage
2nd - Metaphysical Stage
3rd - Positive-Scientific Stage
What is Mechanical Solidarity?
A group that is tied together because they do everything together, there is no division of labor
What is fatalistic suicide?
When the individual is, or believes they are in, and inescapable circumstance, and the only possible escape is death.
Two Sides of Human Behavior
The observable side and the meaning side.