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Name one of the 5 types of gender roles
Productive Roles: These are tasks men and women do to create goods or services that help support their families or communities. Ex: over 60% of employed women in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia work in agriculture. Similarly, men often take up skilled labor roles, such as carpentry or construction
Reproductive Roles: These involve activities that help sustain the family and community by caring for others. Ex: women perform about 75% of all unpaid reproductive care work, such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the family. This work is crucial for families but is often not recognized as "real" work.
Community Managing Roles: These are unpaid, voluntary tasks primarily done by women to improve the community. Ex: women perform approximately 76.2% of unpaid care work, which includes tasks like childcare, eldercare, and community volunteering.
4. Community Politics Roles: These roles involve organizing formal political or community activities, usually led by men, to gain power or status. Ex: In the U.S, only 28% of state legislators are women
Explain the difference between morals and values
Values are society's shared rules about right and wrong that affect everyone.
Morals are more personal and reflect what matters most to each individual.
While morals guide how everyone should behave, values are unique to each person and can differ widely.
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society — how people interact with each other, the groups they form, and the systems and institutions that shape behavior.
Strain theory explains that crime and deviance arise from the pressure (strain) individuals feel when they can't achieve socially valued goals (like wealth) through legitimate means, leading them to cope through illegal activities, drug use, or violence as a way to relieve that stress or achieve goals
Intangible culture
living traditions, practices, expressions, and skills passed down through generations
Bonus: What is Ms. Ogle's 2 cats named?
Rosie and Pepper (RIP Toast) <3
Explain the difference between ideal and real culture
Ideal Culture = What people say they do or aspire to.
Real Culture = What people actually do.
misdemeanor
A misdemeanor is a less serious criminal offense than a felony, typically punishable by fines, probation, community service, or up to a year in a local jail, rather than state prison
Sexism is prejudice, discrimination, or stereotypes based on sex or gender
Felony
a crime usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.
Explain what the Social Disorganization Theory is and the significance of its findings
Social Disorganization Theory, developed by Shaw and McKay, posits that crime and deviance stem not from individual pathology but from a neighborhood's structural weaknesses, like poverty, residential instability (high turnover), and ethnic heterogeneity, which disrupt social networks and the community's ability to enforce norms and control behavior. Its significance lies in shifting focus from individual traits to neighborhood conditions, highlighting that weak social cohesion leads to a breakdown in informal controls, creating environments ripe for delinquency, and informing community-based crime prevention strategies.
Explain the difference between tangible vs intangible culture
Tangible Culture = The stuff (objects, things).
Intangible Culture = The thoughts and meanings (ideas, beliefs).
Moral inconsistency
When a person’s actions do not match their stated morals or beliefs
gender stratification
Gender stratification is the unequal distribution of power, prestige, and resources (like wealth, opportunities, and privilege) between genders, typically placing men in higher positions
Patriarchy is a social system where men hold primary power and authority, dominating political, economic, and social structures, assigning women to subordinate roles
Explain how Social Disorganization Theory and Strain Theory are connected
Strain Theory focuses on the pressure from blocked goals (like wealth) creating frustration, while Social Disorganization Theory points to weak communities unable to provide legitimate means or control, with strain often intensifying within disorganized areas where cultural values conflict, leading some to crime as an adaptation
Explain the difference between gender equality and gender equity
Gender equality is the goal of treating everyone the same and giving identical resources
Gender equity is the process of providing tailored resources for fair outcomes, ensuring everyone can reach the same potential
the awareness that a group of people within a certain social class share common interests, struggles, and goals and work together to change their circumstances
Culture lag
the time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture
Example: When TikTok first became popular, Gen Z quickly embraced it, but older generations were slower to accept it as a legitimate part of culture.
Hegemonic masculinity is the culturally idealized, dominant form of manhood that emphasizes traits like strength, aggression, emotional stoicism, and power
Explain one of the four waves of feminism
1. First-wave feminism was a movement primarily focused on women's legal rights, especially the right to vote. First-wave feminists fought for gender equality, highlighting issues like property rights, educational access, and the right to vote.
2. Second-wave feminism was a movement that supposedly included women of color and women from developing nations,
3.
Third-wave feminism emerged as a response to the perceived failures of second-wave feminism
2nd wave feminism was criticized for focusing mainly on the experiences of middle-class, heterosexual, white women. It was seen as overlooking the struggles of women of color, LGBTQ+ women, and working-class women.
4. Fourth-wave feminism is shaped by technology and is marked by movements like #MeToo and #TimesUp
Explain the difference between deviant behavior and crime
Deviance is violating social norms (written or unwritten), while crime is violating specific, formal laws
Values
Values are personal beliefs about what's important (e.g., honesty, success, family), forming your inner compass
Sociological imagination
The ability to see the connection between individual experiences and larger social forces.
deviance
departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social behavior.