Foundations
What does Sociology study
Societies
Which type of research method uses statistics and numerical data?
Quantitative methods
Which theoretical perspective views society as a stable, ordered system of interrelated parts?
Structural Functionalism
What does the concept of 'dramaturgy' describe?
The idea that social life is like a stage play, with people performing roles.
Which sociologist translated Comte’s work into English and wrote extensively on slavery and women’s rights?
Harriet Martineau
What does the concept of the 'beginner’s mind' mean in sociology?
Approaching the world without preconceptions in order to see it anew.
Which type of research method relies on interviews, observation, and non-numerical data?
Qualitative methods
Which sociological paradigm focuses primarily on inequality, power struggles, and social change?
Conflict Theory
What does the concept of 'anomie' describe in sociology?
A state of normlessness or a loss of purpose and social bonds.
Which sociologist promoted Social Darwinism by applying evolutionary theory to human societies?
Herbert Spencer
What is the concept of the sociological imagination?
The ability to understand the intersection of biography and history, or the relationship between individual experiences and larger social forces.
What is the process of turning abstract concepts into measurable indicators called?
Operationalization
Which perspective emphasizes symbols, interaction, and the meanings that people attach to them?
Symbolic Interactionism
What is meant by the concept of 'false consciousness'?
When people accept social inequality as natural, inevitable, or just.
Which classical thinker studied solidarity and introduced the concept of anomie?
Émile Durkheim
What is culture shock in sociological terms?
A sense of disorientation when entering a new social environment.
What does the concept of reflexivity mean in sociological research?
The researcher’s awareness of how their own role and perspective influence observations and interpretations.
What are the two types of functions in functionalism that distinguish between intended outcomes and unintended consequences
Manifest and latent functions
According to Durkheim, mechanical solidarity is based on ________, while organic solidarity is based on ________.
Shared traditions and beliefs; interdependence and specialization.
Which thinker argued that social inequality and class conflict drive historical development and change?
Karl Marx
Microsociology focuses on ________, while macrosociology focuses on ________.
Small group interactions; large social institutions and structures.
Which organization reviews research proposals to ensure ethical compliance?
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
What is the sociological approach that compares social life to a stage performance, with people acting out roles?
Dramaturgy
What does 'rationalization' mean in Weber’s sociology?
The application of economic logic to human activity, leading to efficiency, predictability, and control.
"Applying money and efficiency ideas to people’s actions to make things more predictable and organized"
Which sociologist warned that rationalization and bureaucracy trap individuals in an 'iron cage'?
Max Weber