Stratification
Define social stratification
A hierarchy in which groups have different statuses and different levels of privilege
List the groups that are most likely to be in poverty
Lone parents and their kids
The unemployed
Chronically ill and disabled people
People that rely on welfare
Refugees
Define distribution of wealth
The way in which the wealth and income of a society are divided among the population
What is a TNC
Give an example
Transnational Corporation, a business that operates all around the world
Ex: Cocacola, McDonalds, Apple, Nestle
Definie immigration and emmigration
Immigration: arriving and settling in a new country
Emigration: moving away from your home country
Compare open and closed societies
Open societies: people can change their position in the hierarchy
Closed: they cannot
List the type of social mobility and define them
Upward: moving up
Downward: moving down
Intergenerational: moving to a different class from your parents
Intragenerational: changing class within your lifetime
What are equal opportunity laws? How do they help solve inequality?
They are laws to prevent discrimination against disadvantaged groups when it comes to work. They allow everyone to have an equal opportunity when it comes to getting hired, promoted, and paid.
Explain one way TNCs harm the environment
Farming, use of plastics, use of fossil fuels, oil, mining, deforestation, fishing, promoting a consumer lifestyle, waste
I didn't write an explanation so your teacher will decide if the answer is correct
What are push and pull factors? Give one example for each
Push factors: push you out of a country, ex: lack of job opportunities
Pull factors: pull you in to another country, reasons for wanting to go there, ex: higher living standards
List the basic necessities of life
Food
Clean drinking water
Sanitation (toilets)
Shelter
Health
Education
Information (media)
Explain the cycle of poverty and how it cam be difficult to get out of
It is when a family is in poverty for at least 3 generations and cannot get out because they do not have the resources to do so
List 4 types of welfare that governments provide
Free and univseral education
Unemployment benefits
Pensions
Low-cost housing
Free healthcare
Univeral basic income
What are the three types of pollution?
Land, air, and water
What is the difference between a refugee and an asylum seeker?
Refugee: someone who leaves their home because of a war, disaster, etc (legal status)
Asylum seeker: someone who has applied to be a refugee somewhere, once they get accepted they become a refugee
Define fatalism, what does it have to do with the culture of poverty
It is the belief that you cannot improve your life
It is one aspect of the culture of poverty and keeps people stuck in poverty because they believe they cannot do anything about it so they do not try.
(Not my opinion btw)
What is the relationship between age and employment
Usually younger people do not work, except in certain occasions. It is frowned upon and illegal in many places
Older people face ageism at work and may not find opportunities for jobs
Define underclass and discuss how it is believed to have emerged according to the New Right
Underclass: a group below the working class that is effectivey cut off from the rest of society
Signs of an underclass: people relying too much on welfare, refusing to work, having illegitimate births, being socially deprived and being fatalistic
Discuss how colonialism led to inequalities between countries today
3 reasons
Reasons include:
Countries are still economically dependent on their coloniser
Were prevented from getting an education and dont know how to rule themselves
Inheretied colonial borders
Their culture was influenced by the coloniser
List and explain the 4 types of migrants
Economic: those migrating for a higher standard of living
Highly skilled: those with qualifications that are offered incentives to work in another country
Refugees and asylum seekers: those that are fleeing war, persecution, national disasters, etc
Students: those who migrate to study abroad
Discuss the Functionalist view on inequality
Points to discuss:
Inequality is good, functional for whole society as it makes use of everyone's abilities and fills all necessary positions.
Povery reminds us of important values like working hard and getting educated
Increases solidarity in society between the middle and upper class, and with the lower class through charity
Society is a meritocracy, so if you work hard you will move up
Discuss the glass ceiling and reasons it happens
It is an invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing at work, some reasons for it:
Women applying for promotion are not taken seriously
Employers see having a woman as a boss for the first time is a risk
Employers are sexist
Employers are all men, and want people similar to them
Men believe that women are not committed to work
Discuss 3 criticisms of NGOs
Possible points:
They stop developing countries from helping themselves and makes them lazy
Aid is sometimes not helpful
Some NGO employees are unethical and invovled in scandals
It continues colonialism, and keeps the developing countries reliant on the developed
Often do not take into account gender relations and cause more issues
Discuss how climate change leads to inequality
Points can include:
Changing rain patterns negatively impact farmers
Desertification affects farmers
Loss of biodiversity leads to extinction of certain animals
Climate change leads to more violent weather storms
Also leads to more natural disasters, which affect poor people the most
Rising sea levels leave people at risk
Discuss the economics consequences of migration
2 points for each side, the country people are migrating from and the country they are migrating to
Points that can be discussed
Country that people leave: loses workers, loses young healthy men, braon drain, emigrants send back foreign currency
Country that people enter: gain new workers, make wages low for other workers and potnetially leave natives with no job, can strain housing and healthcare and schools if migration is in large amounts