What is Sociology?
The ability for individuals to act independently and make their own choices.
What is agency?
The extent to which a measurement instrument produces the same results each time it is employed to measure a particular construct under given conditions.
What is reliability?
Cultural ideas that are (usually) not themselves physical objects, but rather abstract ideals, including values and beliefs.
What is nonmaterial culture?
The lifelong process by which individuals learn the symbols, values, norms, social roles, and identities relevant to a particular society.
What is socialization?
Efforts to keep different social audiences separate to maintain distinct social roles.
What is audience segregation?
The ability to connect personal experiences to larger social forces.
What is the sociological imagination?
The extent to which measurement instruments actually measure the theoretical concepts we intend to measure.
What is validity?
A condition in which ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life.
What is multiculturalism?
Specific nonverbal and nonverbal messages that are transmitted to convey the meaning and significance of race.
What is race socialization?
Settings in which people carry out interaction performances and try to maintain their desired self-image.
What is front stage/region?
A branch of sociology that emphasizes the role of symbols and language as core elements of all human interaction and views the social world as the product of repeated, meaningful face-to-face interactions.
What is symbolic interactionism?
Findings have this if they can be generalized to other populations, settings, or time periods?
What is external validity?
The idea that changes in cultural values and norms take time to catch up with technological advancements.
What is cultural lag?
In the life course perspective, ____ effects are external changes that affect all age groups at the same time.
What are period effects?
The process whereby individuals in the same physical setting glance at each other and quickly look away to indicate awareness of each other but not intrusiveness.
What is civil inattention?
Theorists in this theoretical tradition emphasize the role of coercion and power in maintaining the existing social order.
What is conflict theory?
A sociology student wants to study whether drinking coffee improves students’ exam scores. She finds that students who drink more coffee tend to get higher grades. However, she later realizes that students who drink more coffee also tend to study more hours, which could be influencing their grades rather than the coffee itself. In this scenario, the amount of time students spend studying is an example of this.
What is an extraneous variable?
At Lincoln High School, a group of students spend their free time creating intricate graffiti art, attending underground music shows, and following a unique dress code that sets them apart from the rest of the student body. This group shares values, behaviors, and interests that differ from the larger school culture. This group can best be described as this.
What is a subculture?
According to this theory, the reactions we receive in social situations/interactions create a mirror in which we see ourselves, which shapes our ideas and beliefs about who we are and how we think about ourselves.
What is Charles Horton Cooley's theory of the looking-glass self?
While carrying a tray of drinks across the cafeteria, Kevin accidentally bumps into a chair, causing one of the cups to tip over. He immediately shouts, “Whoops!” before realizing what happened. His classmates look up, startled, but Kevin quickly laughs and apologizes. Kevin’s spontaneous exclamation, “Whoops!” is an example of this sociological concept.
What is a response cry?
Match the following belief with the theory to which it most closely applies: social inequality is necessary and justified because some people contribute more to society than others, and they are rewarded for doing so.
What is functionalism?
For her social psychology research project, Veronica wants to study the eating habits of college students. To gather data quickly and easily, she decides to survey her friends and classmates in her dorm. She sets up a booth in the common area and asks those who pass by to fill out her questionnaire. While her sample is readily available and easy to reach, it may not represent the broader student population. Veronica is employing this type of sampling technique in this scenario.
What is convenience sampling?
Amira recently moved to a new country. Over time, she adopts the local language, starts following the common social customs, and celebrates the same holidays as most people in her community. She gradually blends in with the dominant culture and her original cultural practices become less noticeable. This process is an example of this.
What is assimilation?
According to this theory, a key aspect of developing a sense of self comes from understanding the “generalized other”—that is, the attitudes, values, and expectations held by members of organized groups of people
What is George Herbert Mead's theory of the self?
Emily is a high school teacher who always maintains a professional and cheerful demeanor in the classroom. During her breaks, she goes to the teacher’s lounge, a space where she can relax, complain about difficult students, and joke freely with her colleagues—behaviors she would never show in front of her students. The teacher’s lounge represents this in terms of impression management.
What is back stage/region?