Emotions + Social perception
A theory proposing that when emotions are felt, our experiences depend on two things: physiological arousal and our cognitive interpretation of the arousal via the immediate environment for emotional cues to label the arousal.
What is two-factor theory
The five types of schemas
What is a person schema, self schema, group schema, role schema, and event schema?
A predisposition to respond to a particular object in a generally favorable or unfavorable way
What is attitude
Attitudes we consciously hold
What are explicit attitudes
When one person (the source) gets another person (the target) to behave differently than how they otherwise would have
What is social influence
A theory proposing that stimulating events trigger feelings and physical reactions at the same time.
What is Cannon-Bard theory
To attribute a behavior to factors in that person’s environment.
What is situational attributions
A state of psychological tension induced by discordant relationships between cognitive elements
What is cognitive dissonance
________: The linkages between fundamental beliefs and minor beliefs in cognitive structures.
________: When an attitude is linked to more than one set of underlying beliefs—that is, when there are two or more different justifications for it
________: The unquestioning acceptance of the credibility of some authority
Vertical Structure
Horizontal structure
Primitive belief
Changing the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of a target through the use of information or argument (i.e., logic)
What is persuasion
A theory proposing that the physical changes in the body happen before the experience of the associated emotion.
What is James-Lange Theory
People use heuristics to select schemas based on these three factors
What is availability, representativeness, and anchoring and adjustment?
Attitudes that we subconsciously hold and are more or less automatic
What are implicit attitudes
The process whereby people transmit information about their ideas, feelings, and intentions to one another.
What is communication
The four components of the Communication-Persuasion Paradigm
What is the source, message, target, and effect?
Our beliefs in our relative ability to control the events in our life.
The belief that our own actions determine and control the outcome; have lots of control refers to _______. The belief that external factors are in control of the outcome; have little control refers to _______.
What is locus of control.
(1) Internal locus of control
(2) External locus of control
To attribute a behavior to something about the person or the internal state(s) of the person who performed it.
What is dispositional attributions
A theory concerning the determinants of consistency in three-element cognitive systems. For example, a friend of my friend becomes my friend, or an enemy of my friend becomes my enemy.
What is balance theory
The three models describing how people communicate their cognitions and attitudes.
What is the: Encoder-decoder Model, Intentionalist Model, and Perspective-taking Model?
The combination of perceived expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness
The tendency to overestimate the causal impact of whomever or whatever we focus our attention on.
The tendency to underestimate the importance of situational influences and to overestimate personal, dispositional factors as causes of behavior.
What is fundamental attribution error
If a person holds several ideas that are inconsistent with one another, he or she will experience discomfort or conflict and will subsequently change one or more of the ideas to render them consistent.
What is cognitive consistency
According to this communication model, communication involves the exchange of messages using symbols whose meaning grows out of the interaction itself and participants’ intersubjectivities
What is the perspective-taking model