Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
What is the first phase of the SDLC where requirements are gathered?
Requirements Analysis
What is a functional requirement?
A requirement that describes what the system should do.
What does the acronym "SOLID" stand for in software design?
Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, Dependency Inversion.
What is the purpose of unit testing?
To test individual components or units of code.
What does the acronym "WBS" stand for in project management?
Work Breakdown Structure.
Which SDLC model is known for its iterative approach and frequent releases?
Agile Model
What is the difference between a user requirement and a system requirement?
User requirements are high-level and user-focused, while system requirements are detailed and technical.
What is the purpose of the "Single Responsibility Principle"?
To ensure a class has only one reason to change.
What is the difference between black-box and white-box testing?
Black-box testing focuses on functionality without knowing internal code, while white-box testing examines internal structures.
What is the critical path in a project schedule?
The longest sequence of tasks that determines the project duration.
What is the purpose of the "Design" phase in the SDLC?
To create a blueprint for the system based on requirements.
What is a "non-functional requirement"?
A requirement that describes how the system should perform (e.g., speed, security).
What is the difference between coupling and cohesion?
Coupling refers to the interdependence between modules, while cohesion refers to how closely related the functions within a module are.
What is regression testing?
Testing to ensure new changes haven’t broken existing functionality.
What is the purpose of a Gantt chart?
To visualize project schedules and track progress.
Which SDLC model is linear and sequential, with no going back to previous phases?
Waterfall Model
What is the purpose of a requirements specification document?
To formally document all requirements for the system.
What design pattern is used to ensure only one instance of a class exists?
Singleton Pattern.
What is the purpose of a test case?
To define inputs, execution conditions, and expected results for a specific test.
What is the difference between risk management and issue management?
Risk management deals with potential future problems, while issue management deals with current problems.
What is the final phase of the SDLC, where the system is maintained and updated?
Maintenance Phase
What technique is used to gather requirements by observing users in their environment?
Ethnographic Study
What is the "Open/Closed Principle" in software design?
Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.
What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification ensures the product is built correctly, while validation ensures the correct product is built.
What is the "Iron Triangle" in project management?
The balance between scope, time, and cost.