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Define the term software quality?
The degree to which a system, component, or
process meets specified requirements.
Name the product revision factors
Maintainability, Flexibility, Testability.
what software development model is associated with risk analysis
spiral mode
The two broad types of reviews are called?
In process
Phase-end
It is capable of testing the quality of coding work.
This advantage is related to what testing approach
white box testing
what is a driver?
A driver is a substitute module but of the upper level module that activates the module tested.
What is the main objective of a software configuration management plan (SCMP)
The main objective of a software configuration management plan (SCMP) is to plan ahead the required
resources to carry out all the activities required for the software configuration releases.
External participants can be classified into how many groups?
3 main groups
a software metric that measures the ease with which a software system can be modified, maintained, or extended
over its lifetime. What metric is this?
Maintainability
name 1 organization or institute that is a main developer of SQA standards
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Computer Society
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
DOD (US Department of Defense)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
What is a Quality Management System?
A Quality Management System, often called a QMS, is a set of internal rules that are defined by a collection of policies, processes, documented procedures, and
records.
what product operation factor deals with preventing access to unauthorized persons, to distinguish between the majority of personnel allowed to see the
information (“read permit”) and limited group who will be allowed to add and change data (“write permit”), and so forth.
integrity
what model makes use of active participation in the development process by customers and users capable of examining and evaluating prototypes.
The Prototyping Model
Mention two peer review methods?
Inspections
Walkthroughs.
__________ is defined as the percentage of possible paths of software processing activated by the test cases.
Path coverage
What is line coverage
the percentage of executed lines of code examined during the tests.
define what an SCI version is?
The approved state of an SCI at any given point of time during the development or maintenance process.
name the different types of external participants
subcontractors
suppliers of COTS
customerwhat are software quality metrics
Software quality metrics are a set of measurements used to evaluate the quality of a software product or
process.
mention 1 guiding principle of the ISO 9000-3
Customer focus
leadership
involvement of people
process approach
system approach
continual improvement
factual approach to decision making
mutually supportive supplier relationships
What is a quality plan?
A quality plan is a document, or several documents, that together specify quality standards, practices, resources, specifications, and the sequence of activities relevant to a particular product, service, project, or contract.
The process of evaluating a system or component to
determine whether the products of a given development phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase. This is known as?
verification
Name two advantages of the waterfall model
Easy to understand and implement.
Widely used and known (in theory!)
Fits other engineering process models: civil, mech etc.
Reinforces good habits: define-before- design, design
before- code
Identifies deliverables and milestones
Document driven: People leave, documents don’t -
Published documentation standards
Works well on large/mature products and weak teams.
explain the difference between the 2 types of reviews?
In process reviews are informal reviews intended to be held during the conduct of each SDLC phase.
Phase end reviews are formal reviews which usually occur at the end of the SDLC phase or work period and establish the base lines for work in the succeeding phases.
tests the software as a whole, once the
completed package is available.
Explain top down testing
the first module tested is the main module, the highest level module in the software structure; the last modules to be tested are the lowest level modules.
Explain the liner evolution model
only one unique software system’s configuration version serves all customers at any given time.
What function do regulators provide with regards to quality assurance
They conduct audits and provide feedback on compliance.
There are three categories of metrics, name them?
product metrics
process metrics, and
project metrics.
what is a QMS
A QMS is a framework of policies, procedures, and processes that define how an organization plans, operates, and controls its quality
activities.
Mention any 3 of the nine causes of software errors
1. Faulty requirements definition
2. Client–developer communication failures
3. Deliberate deviations from software requirements
4. Logical design errors
5. Coding errors
6. Non-compliance with documentation and coding
instructions
7. Shortcomings of the testing process
8. Procedure errors
9. Documentation errors
Assuring an acceptable level of confidence that the
software will conform to managerial scheduling and
budgetary requirements.
This is an example of what kind of SQA objective?
a) Software development (process-oriented)
or
b) Software maintenance (product-oriented)
Software development (process-oriented)
___________ represents the order in which the activities of software development will be undertaken.
Software process model
An approved unit of software code, a document or piece
of hardware that is designed for configuration
management and treated as a distinct entity in the
software configuration management process.
Software configuration item (SCI)
Explain incremental testing?
tests the software piecemeal – software modules are tested as they are completed (unit tests), followed by groups of modules composed of tested modules integrated with newly completed modules (integration tests).
What function do upper CASE tools provide?
An upper CASE tool (front end CASE) provides support for the early stages in the systems development life cycle such as requirements analysis and design.
Explain the tree evolution model
several parallel versions of the software are developed to serve the needs of different customers simultaneously throughout the system’s life cycle.
What is a quality record?
A quality record is a special type of controlled document. It is a customer targeted document that may be required to demonstrate full compliance with
customer requirements and effective operation of the software quality assurance system throughout the development and maintenance processes.
name the 3 types of software quality metrics
Product Quality Metrics
In-Process Quality Metrics
Maintenance Quality Metrics
name 1 step conducted when conducting the ISO 9000-3 certification process
Understand the requirements
Plan for certification
Conduct a gap analysis
Conduct internal audits
Conduct a certification audit
Maintain certification
State the steps of the PDCA cycle
Plan: Identify an opportunity and plan for change.
Do: Implement the change on a small scale.
Check: Use data to analyze the results of the change and determine whether it made a difference.
Act: If the change was successful, implement it on a wider scale and continuously assess your results. If the change did not work, begin the cycle again.
A systematic, planned set of actions necessary to
provide adequate confidence that the software
development process or the maintenance process of
a software system product conforms to established
functional technical requirements as well as with the
managerial requirements of keeping the schedule and operating within the budgetary confines.
What definition is this for?
Software Quality Assurance
The process used to determine whether a system or
component is suitable for operational use. This is know as?
qualification
mention 2 benefits of using the object oriented software development model
Economy – The cost of integrating a reusable software component is much lower than the cost of developing new components.
Improved quality – Used software components are expected to contain considerably fewer defects than newly developed software components due to detection of faults by former users.
Shorter development time – The integration of reusable software components reduces scheduling pressures.
Name 2 team factor affecting the intensity of quality assurance activities in the development process
Professional qualification of the team members
Team acquaintance with the project and its experience in the area
Availability of staff members who can professionally support the team
Familiarity with the team members, in other words the percentage of new staff members in the team
explain reusability testing?
Reusability tests examine the extent that reused software is incorporated in the package and the adaptations performed in order to make parts of the current software reusable for future software packages.
The SCIs are generally placed into four classes, name them?
Design documents
Software code
Data files, including files of test cases and test scripts
Software development tools.
What is a controlled document
A document that is currently vital or may become vital for the development and maintenance of
software systems as well as for the management of current and future relationships with the
customer.
give 2 examples of a product quality metric
defect density,
reliability,
maintainability,
usability,
performance.
Explain what CMMI is
The CMMI is a process and behavioral model that helps organizations streamline process improvement and encourage productive, efficient behaviors that decrease risks in software, product, and service development.