Soil
What is soil?
Mix of weathered rock and decayed organic matter
What is a soil profile?
Vertical sequence of soil layers(horizons)
What horizon is at the top, contains humus, is most evolved, rich in nutrients, and dark in color?
Horizon A
What are the 2 main types of farming?
Organic and Conventional
What type of erosion can cause the most damage to soil and farming?
Wind
How long can it take to make just 1 cm of good soil?
100s of years
How many main soil layers are there?
3(ABC)
What horizon is known as subsoil, is impermeable, made mostly of clay, and is below Horizon A?
Horizon B
What type of farming uses synthetic methods to control pests and weed, uses hormones, steroids, and GMOs?
Conventional Farming
Why is it important to not put anything dangerous into the ground such as paint, gas, chemicals?
It will pollute the soil and then can harm us
What is weathering?
The breakdown of rock
What is underneath Horizon C?
Bedrock
What horizon is at the bottom, sits above the bedrock, is the least evolved, and contains pieces of weathered bedrock?
Horizon C
What type of farming uses natural methods to control pests and weeds, is better for the environment, and is a longer process?
Organic Farming
What is a type of wind barrier that Johnson Farm uses to protect crops?
Trees planted along the edges of the farming area
What is erosion?
The transport of broken down pieces of rock
What is parent rock?
Solid bedrock that gives birth to weathered materials
What is humus?
Decayed organic matter found in Horizon A
What type of farming uses manure as a fertilizer?
Organic
What is compost?
food scraps and yard waste that forms a nutrient rich topsoil
What is deposition?
The drop off of weathered pieces of rock
What is it called when minerals and nutrients drop into Horizon B from Horizon A?
Leaching
What is another Horizon on top of Horizon A that is sometimes called Horizon O?(What does the O stand for?)
Organic
What might organic farmers use to control aphids?
Ladybugs
What is an effect of weathering that we see on our roads in the winter?
Potholes