Byzantine Empire
What was the new alphabet created by Eastern Orthodox missionaries that used the Greek alphabet with additional letters to accommodate Slavic languages?
Cyrillic Alphabet
Who crowned Charlemagne king of the Franks?
The pope
What are three goods, examples of technology, or ideas that were traded along the trade routes we discussed in class?
Spices, Textiles, Porcelain, Paper, Paper money, New crops (like sugar cane), waterwheels, watermills, lateen sails, compasses, astrolabes, religions, gold, salt, people, etc.
What African kingdom was located near the Nile River in modern-day Ethiopia?
Axum
What ancient Central or South American civilization is known for having the most advanced system of writing?
Mayan
What battle marked the end of the Islamic empire's expansion into Europe?
Battle of Tours
What group of people were famed for their skills on horseback and settled in modern-day Hungary?
Magyars
What was the native ethnic religion to Japan that worshiped thousands of nature gods and goddesses?
Shinto
What African kingdom controlled a large portion of the trade routes on the Indian Ocean?
Zimbabwe
What South American civilization is known for building a 14,000 mile long road system to connect their empire?
Incas
What was something Justinian accomplished during his reign?
Creation of Justinian's Code
Reconquered many parts of the Western Roman Empire
Expanded trade routes through Africa and Asia
What drove the Vikings to raid new lands and settle in southern Europe?
A lack of arable land in their home countries
Who united the Mongols and led them to conquer much of Asia?
Genghis Khan
The West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai all became wealthy from _______________.
Taxing trade along the Sub-Saharan trade routes
What Central American civilization is known for their strong military and demanding tribute in gold, cacao beans, etc.?
Aztecs
What is considered the oldest example of Islamic architecture and serves as a major holy site for Islam today?
Dome of the Rock
What do we call workers tied to the land in a feudal system?
Serfs
What was one positive and one negative aspect of the Mongols' reign?
Positives: Very tolerant of peoples' religions and cultures; empire was very stable; trade thrived
Negatives: Very brutal tactics and millions of people died during their expansion
Many West African kingdoms believed in ___________, or the idea that all things have a soul and can help or hurt you.
Animism
The city of __________ served as a retreat for Incan leaders high up in the Andes Mountains.
Machu Picchu
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Daily Prayer
3. Giving to the poor
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
What was the driving force behind the adoption of feudalism in Western Europe?
The need for protection
Why did khanates like the Golden Horde eventually fade into non-existence?
They adopted the local customs and religions of the people in their khanate
What are two causes behind the boom in European exploration/ colonization of Africa?
Demand for spices and other goods in Europe
Diffusion of Christianity
Competition among European nations
Availability of navigational technology
After Columbus' discoveries, what European claimed parts of North America for England?
John Cabot