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When Alex sees a classmate trip on the stairs, he immediately assumes they are clumsy rather than considering that the stairs might be uneven. What psychological concept explains Alex's assumption?
Fundamental attribution error
A hiring manager assumes a candidate won't be a good fit based on their ethnicity rather than their qualifications. This is an example of:
Prejudice
Greg believes that people who suffer misfortune must have done something to deserve it. This belief represents:
Just-world phenomenon
An advertisement uses a celebrity endorsement rather than strong evidence to promote a product. This is an example of:
Peripheral route persuasion
Despite witnessing a car accident, multiple people hesitate to call for help, assuming someone else will. This is known as:
The bystander effect
Samantha believes she failed her psychology test because the questions were unfair, but she believes her friend failed because he didn't study enough. This illustrates which psychological principle?
Attribution theory
Mark assumes all teenagers are irresponsible drivers, even though many drive safely. What does this illustrate?
Stereotype
A group of students at school excludes others who are not part of their clique. They believe their group is superior.
This best illustrates:
In-group bias
A public health campaign presents scientific research and logical arguments to persuade people to quit smoking. This is an example of:
Central route persuasion
During a group project, Mark contributes less effort than he would if working alone. This is an example of:
Social loafing
At a large sports event, Jordan finds himself yelling and acting more aggressively than he normally would when alone.
What concept explains this behavior?
Deindividuation
A restaurant refuses to serve customers from a particular background. This is an example of:
Discrimination
People tend to recognize faces of their own race more accurately than those of other races. This is known as:
The other-race effect
Maria believes eating healthy is important, but she frequently eats junk food, making her feel uncomfortable. This discomfort is an example of:
Cognitive dissonance
Jake performs better in a basketball game when a large crowd is watching. What concept explains his improved performance?
Social facilitation
A company's board of directors quickly agrees on a risky business decision without discussing potential drawbacks.
No one voices concerns because they want to maintain harmony. What is this an example of?
Groupthink
After failing an exam, Jason believes he will never succeed in school, and that he is just not smart enough. This illustrates:
Pessimistic explanatory style
A salesperson first asks a customer to try a free sample before persuading them to buy the full product. This is an example of:
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Jack laughs at a joke he doesn't find funny because everyone else is laughing. This best illustrates:
Normative influence
Emily stops to help an elderly person cross the street, even though she is in a hurry. This behavior demonstrates:
Altruism
After discussing political opinions with like-minded peers, Sarah's views become even more extreme. This illustrates:
Group polarization
Anna fails a test but believes she can improve with more studying next time. This is an example of:
Optimistic explanatory style
A teenager asks their parents for $50, and when they say no, they ask for $20 instead, which the parents agree to. This is an example of:
Door-in-the-face phenomenon
During an emergency, Sarah follows what others are doing, assuming they know the correct response. This is an example of:
Cognitive dissonance
Daniel believes that his success in school is due to his hard work rather than luck. This belief represents:
Internal locus of control