Atomic Structure
How many protons does Oxygen-16 have?
8
The atomic number (8) is equal to the number of protons.
How many sig figs are in the number 0.00490?
3
Leading zeros never count.
Trailing zeros with a decimal do count.
Choose the MOST electronegative element:
Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine
Fluorine
Electronegativity INCREASES as you go across a period.
Name one of the products that ALWAYS shows up in an acid/base neutralization reaction.
Water
or
Salt
How many valence electrons does calcium have?
2
How many neutrons does Oxygen-15 have?
7
Mass number (15) is equal to protons + neutrons.
15 - 8 = 7
How many sig figs are in the number 45090?
4
Sandwich zeros count.
Trailing zeros without a decimal do not count.
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove one _______________________.
Electron
Do acids have a pH less than or greater than 7?
Less than 7
FALSE
You will be able to access the periodic table on your computer, but not on paper.
How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have AND what will be the charge of its ion?
5 valence electrons
The ion will have a charge of -3
Remember - all atoms want to be like noble gases and get 8 valence electrons. The easiest way for N to do this is to gain 3 electrons (giving it a -3 charge).
Given a mass of 13 grams and a volume of 24.5 mL, calculate density using the correct number of significant figures.
0.53 g/mL
13 has 2 sig figs, 24.5 has 3 sig figs
Your answer is limited by the number with FEWER sig figs.
Which of the following is the LARGEST atom?
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
Atomic radius INCREASES as you go down a group.
M = mol / L
Name 2 safety procedures to always follow while performing a lab.
Goggles, read directions, closed-toed shoes, rinse hands in water if something spills on them, etc
Nucleus
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, electrons float around the nucleus in the electron cloud.
Round the number 0.46839 to 2 significant figures.
0.47
The leading zero doesn't count.
The 8 makes the 6 round up to a 7.
Which of the following choices is the MOST electronegative?
Potassium, Aluminum, Oxygen
Oxygen
Electronegativity INCREASES as you go across the table, and DECREASES as you go down it.
Identify the SOLUTE and the SOLVENT in this solution.
Solute: Sodium bicarbonate (thing that got dissolved)
Solvent: Water (thing that did the dissolving)
2
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the isotope Mg - 25?
Protons: 12 (Atomic number)
Neutrons: 13 (25 - 12 = 13)
Electrons: 12 (Same as protons in a neutral atom)
If aluminum has a density of 2.04 g/mL, calculate the volume of a 5.0 gram chunk of aluminum.
2.5 mL
Volume = mass / density
The answer is limited to 2 significant figures.
What is the name of the group in which fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine belong?
The halogens group.
Acids always start with _____.
Bases usually end with _____.
Acids start with H.
Bases end with OH.
Name 2 factors that affect how QUICKLY a reaction will occur.
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
Catalyst