May the Forces Be With You
The electrostatic attractions between molecules.
What are intermolecular forces?
Predict the type(s) of intermolecular force between molecules of HBr.
What are dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds?
A solid in which particles occur in a regular repeating pattern. Examples include salt, sugar, and monoclinic sulfur.
What is crystalline solid?
The basic building block for any type of crystal.
What is unit cell?
This is a common example of a supercooled liquid.
What is glass?
An intermolecular force; the attraction of the positive end of one polar molecule to the negative end of another polar molecule.
What is dipole-dipole force?
Predict the type(s) of intermolecular force between molecules of OCl2.
What are dipole-dipole and dispersion (London) forces?
A solid in which the particles occur in random positions with no orderly pattern. Examples include asphalt and paraffin.
What is amorphous solid?
A substance (either an element or a compound) that can occur in more than one type of crystalline form.
What is a polymorphorous solid?
When molten iron cools and hardens, this phase change has occurred.
What is freezing?
A special dipole-dipole force involving hydrogen and a highly electronegative element.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Predict the type(s) of intermolecular force between molecules of NH3. Select all that apply.
What are dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion (London) forces?
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid at 1 atm; the same temperature as the freezing point for pure solids.
What is melting point?
One of two or more forms of a polymorphous element that exists in the same physical state.
What is an allotrope?
This is the number of how many basic classes of crystals have been discovered by scientists.
What is seven?
The FON in "Chemistry is FON!"
These are highly electronegative elements.
What are fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen?
Predict the type of intermolecular force between molecules of HCN. Select all that apply.
What are dipole-diploe forces and dispersion (London) forces?
A physical change from the solid state directly to the gaseous state. For example, solid CO2 (dry ice) ____________ to gaseous CO2.
What is sublimation?
These form only when noble gases freeze.
What are atomic crystals?
Elements that can exist in more than one form, such as polymorphs and different crystalline lattice forms are called this.
What are allotropes (or allotropic elements)?
This is the only intermolecular force acting on nonpolar molecules. It is an electrostatic attraction that arises between atoms or molecules because of the presence of instantaneous and induced temporary dipoles.
What is a dispersion (London) force?
Predict the type(s) of intermolecular force between molecules of Cl2.
What are dispersion (London) forces?
A physical change directly from the gaseous state to the solid state. Examples include snowflakes and frost.
What is deposition?
The energy released when gaseous particles form crystals.
What is lattice energy?
Name two factors that affect the strength of a crystal lattice.
What are magnitude of electrical charges, size of the particles, or structure of the crystal?