States of Matter
How do particles in a gas behave?
Random and constant movement, consistent collisions
What is viscosity?
a fluid's resistance to flow
packed together, little kinetic energy, vibrate in place
What does Charles law state?
the volume of a gas increases as its temperature increases (direct relationship)
A metal cube with a volume of 10 cubic meters is completely submerged in freshwater, which has a density of 10 kilograms per cubic meter. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal cube? Show your work and include units.
980N
How do particles in a liquid behave?
moving around each other, colliding
What is the equation for pressure?
pressure = force/area
The behavior of gas particles
random, fast, constant collisions
What does Gay-Lussac's law state?
the pressure of a gas goes up as its temperature goes up (direct relationship)
A metal cube with a volume of 2 cubic meters is completely submerged in freshwater, which has a density of 6 kilograms per cubic meter. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal cube? Show your work and include units.
117.6N
How do particles in a solid behave?
tightly packed together, vibrate in place
What is Archimede's principle?
any object placed in a fluid (liquid or gas) experiences an upward push—called the buoyant force—that is equal to the weight of the fluid pushed aside (displaced) by that object
What happens to the speed of particles when thermal energy is added to a system?
They increase?
What does Boyle's law state?
Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship. (E.g., when V goes up, P goes down)
A metal cube with a volume of 12 cubic meters is completely submerged in freshwater, which has a density of 2 kilograms per cubic meter. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal cube? Show your work and include units.
235.2N
What is heat of vaporization?
the specific amount of heat energy required to transform a liquid substance into a gas at a constant temperature and pressure
What is Pascal's principle?
when you apply pressure to a fluid in a closed container, that pressure spreads equally and without any loss to every part of the fluid and the container walls
What is thermal energy?
energy contained within a system from moving particles
What is the equation for the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
A metal cube with side lengths of 5 meters is 1/5 submerged in freshwater, which has a density of 9 kilograms per cubic meter. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal cube? Show your work and include units.
2,205N
What is heat of fusion?
the amount of heat energy required to change a substance from a solid into a liquid at its melting point without changing its temperature
What is Bernoulli's principle?
as the speed of a moving fluid (like air or water) increases, the internal pressure it exerts decreases
The four components of the Kinetic Theory
1. All matter is composed of tiny particles
2. These particles are in constant, random motion
3. The particles collide with each other and with the walls of any container they’re held in
4. The amount of energy that the particles lose from these collisions is negligible
What is the equation for the combined gas law?
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
A metal cube with side legnths of 8 meters is 3/4 submerged in freshwater, which has a density of 10 kilograms per cubic meter. What is the buoyant force acting on the metal cube? Show your work and include units.
37,632N