Coffee
What is the difference between solute, solvent, and solution?
Solute: component dissolved in solvent.
Solvent:Medium into which solutes are mixed.
Solution: Homogenous mixture
Describe saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Saturated Solution: contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature.
Unsaturated Solution: can dissolve more solute.
Supersaturated Solution: contain more dissolved solute than is present in a saturated solution and are generally unstable.
How do you know if something dissolves in water?
Water is polar & "like dissolves like" so the solute must be polar to dissolve in water
What is the difference between solubility and miscibility?
Miscibility is when 2 liquids are soluble with each other in ALL PROPORTIONS!
Define entropy in your own words.
Inherent drive towards a “more probable” state—a state with more randomness or disorder.
Ex: your room
What is solubility and how can we predict it (what is the rule)?
Amount (mass) of solute that forms saturated solution with given mass of solvent at specific temp.
The rule is "like dissolves like"
Describe Exothermic solutions in terms of:
1. delta H
2. Energy released/absorbed
3. Bonding
Exothermic:
1. Delta H (sol'n)<0
2. Energy is released.
3. Attractive forces in solutions is greater than pure substance's. (PS. Bonded molecules more exothermic than unbonded)
Describe Endothermic solutions in terms of:
1. delta H
2. Energy released/absorbed
3. Bonding
Endothermic:
1. Delta H (sol'n)>0
2. Energy is absorbed.
3. Attractive forces in pure substance is greater than that of solution. (PS. unbonded molecules are more endothermic than bonded molecules).
How do you determine polarity?
Through lewis structures.
**Review + memorize them - important in deterring solubility (because why?)!!!
Determine if the following is polar and soluble in water:
- NH3
-C2H4
1. NH3 is Trigonal Pyramidal - polar, soluble
2. is a carbon chain, so it's Non-polar, not soluble
Determine if the following is polar and soluble in water:
- CO2
-H2S
1. CO2 has a linear geometry- Non-polar insoluble in water
2. H2S has a bent geometry- Polar and soluble in water
Determine if the following is polar and soluble in water:
- CCl4
-N2
1. CCl4 has a tetrahedral geometry- Non-polar and insoluble in water
2. N2 is diatomic- Non-polar and insoluble in water