Relief, recovery, or Reform?
Short term assistance that reduces suffering caused by unemployment, poverty, or homelessness
What is relief?
This agency operated from 1935 to 1943 as a federal work-relief program that employed millions on public-works projects. They built roads, schools, bridges, parks, and public buildings and supported cultural projects by funding artists, writers, actors, and musicians.
What is the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
FDR talking through the radio to build support for his programs
What are fireside chats?
Name at least one way New Deal programs discriminated against women
Women's wages lower than men
Hiring fewer women than men
Not hiring women at all
This was one particularly unpopular aspect of the AAA
What is destroying food? (burning crops or slaughtering pigs)
Since the CCC temporarily employed young men, provided food, housing, and wages, it's most clearly an example of...
What is relief?
Created in 1934, this independent federal agency regulates securities markets. It enforces securities laws, requires corporations to disclose accurate financial information, and prosecutes fraud to restore investor confidence after the 1929 crash.
What is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?
Shantytowns where homeless lived were called this as jab at the president of the time
What are Hoovervilles?
Name at least one way that Mexican-Americans were discriminated against during the Great Depression
Violence and scapegoating for hard times
Low wages
Disqualification for New Deal jobs
Deportation
Historians generally agree that the Dust Bowl was caused by these interacting factors
Name at least one natural cause and at least one human cause
What are natural forces like drought and wind, worsened by human actions such as overcropping, mechanized farming, and the removal of native grasses?
Long term changes to laws, institutions, and rules designed to prevent future economic crises and provide lasting economic security
What is reform?
This New Deal agency of 1933 sought to raise farm prices by paying farmers to cut production of certain crops and livestock. The government paid subsidies to landowners who agreed to reduce acreage or livestock to shrink surpluses and raise market prices.
What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?
This protest movement of WWI veterans demanded payment from the federal government
What is the Bonus Army March?
This system of unequal labor kept many African Americans in a cycle of poverty even after the abolition of slavery
What is sharecropping or tenant farming?
This historian argues that the New Deal was truly revolutionary because it represented a drastic change in how Americans viewed the government and its role in the economy
Who is Carl Degler?
Social Security created old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for families in need, as well as the government structure to collect taxes for the program. The long term aspects of this program are clear examples of...
What is reform?
This agency created in 1933 helped refinance mortgages for homeowners at risk of foreclosure by extending loan terms and lowering monthly payments.
What is the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)?
FDR made this famous quote in his inaugural address after being elected in 1932
What is the only thing we have to fear is fear itself?
This law represented a shift in federal government policy toward indigenous Americans from assimilation toward autonomy
What is the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?
This historian is critical about the extent to which the New Deal represented change, especially since it excluded millions of Americans
Who is Bart Bernstein or Howard Zinn?
Efforts to revive economic activity, reduce unemployment, and restore confidence in markets (get things back to normal)
What is recovery?
Created by the Banking Act of 1933, this agency insures bank deposits up to a specified limit, reducing the risk of bank runs and restoring public confidence in the banking system.
What is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?
Even though Hoover involved the government in the economy as a way to solve the depression, he was never willing to do this
What is direct government relief?
This woman was chosen by President Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt to lead reform movements during the New Deal
Who was Molly Dewson?
The word for when a worker sends all or part of their wages home to help their family
What are remittances or what is to remit?