Vocabulary
Solution Concentration
Colligative Properties/ Preparing Solutions
Characteristics of Solutions
Solvation/ Solubility
100
Give an example of an immiscible solution.
Water and oil
100
Give 4 ways discussed in class to explain concentration of a solution
percent by mass, percent by volume, molarity, molality, and mole fraction
100
Give 2 examples of colligative properties
boiling point elevation, freezing point depressing, vapor pressure lowering, osmotic pressure
100
What is it called when water is the solvent and dissolves the solute?
hydration
100
How does NaCl dissolve in water?
Water surrounds the salt crystals as soon as salt is added to water. The charged ends of the water molecules attract the positive and negative ions. Attraction between dipoles and charged particles is greater than the attraction between the ions, so the ions break away from the surface.
200
What is the solute?
A substance dissolved in a solution
200
You have 1500 g of a bleach solution. The precent by mass of the solute sodium hypochlorite is 4.5%. How many grams of the solvent are in solution?
1,432.5 grams
200
What is the boiling point of 0.40m solution of sucrose in ethanol? (Kb ethanol = 1.22; boiling point = 78.5 degrees C)
79.0 degrees C
200
What is the general rule when determining if solvation will occur?
"Like dissolves like"
200
What does it mean if a solution in saturated?
The solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure.
300
What type of mixture is a solution?
homogeneous mixture
300
What is the percent by volume of isopropyl alcohol in a solution that contains 50 mL of isopropyl alcohol and 1.1 L of water?
4.3%
300
How many grams of NaOH are in 250 mL of a 3.0M NaOH solution?
30 grams
300
What are three factors that affect the rate of solvation if volume of solvent is kept constant?
-agitate mixture -raise temperature of solvent -increase surface area of solute
300
If a seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution, how would you characterize the resulting solution?
After the excess solute particles crystallize out of solution, the solution is saturated.
400
What does it mean if something is soluble?
A solute that dissolves in a solvent.
400
Calculate the molarity of 2.54 L of solution containing 4.3 g of KBr
0.014M
400
How many mL of 2.55M NaOH is needed to make 125 mL of 0.75M NaOH solution?
37 mL
400
What factors affect solubility of a solution?
Temperature and pressure (gaseous solutes only)
400
A gas has a solubility of 0.66 g/L at 10.0 atm of pressure. What is the pressure on 1.0-L sample that contains 1.5 grams of gas?
23 atm
500
What are colligative properties?
A physical property that depends on the number, but not on the identity, of the dissolved solute particles
500
What is the molality of a solution containing 10.0 grams of NaCl dissolved in 500.0 grams of water?
0.342m
500
How many mL of 0.400M HBr solution can be made from 50.0 mL of 8.00M HBr solution?
1.00 x 10^3 mL
500
A student was titrating a 15.00 mL sample of HCl with Ca(OH)2. To reach the endpoint of the titration and neutralize all of the HCl, the student added 49.62 mL of 0.00150 M Ca(OH)2. Write a balanced equation for this titration. How many moles of Ca(OH)2 did the student add? How many moles of HCl were present in the sample? What was the concentration (in M) of HCl in the sample?
2 HCl + Ca(OH)2 -----> CaCl2 + 2H2O Moles of Ca(OH)2: 49.62 mL *1L 1000mL = 0.04962 L 0.04962 L * 0.00150 mol/L = 7.44 x 10-5 mol Ca(OH)2 Moles of HCl: 7.44 x 10-5 mol Ca(OH)2 * 2 mol HCl 1molCa(OH) 2 = 1.49 x 10-4 mol HCl Concentration of HCl: 15.00 mL * 1L 1000 mL = 0.01500 L, 0.01500 L 1.49 x 10 mol -4/0.01500 L = 9.92 x 10-3 mol/L HCl
500
How do intermolecular forces affect solvation?
The attractive forces between the solute and solvent particles overcome the attractive forces holding the solute particles together, thus pulling the solute particles apart. If the attractive forces holding the solute particles together is greater than those between solute and solvent, the particles will not dissolve.
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