ABD Vasc
The presence of echogenic or hypoechoic material within a vessel, along with absent color Doppler flow, suggests this condition.
What is:
Thrombosis
True or false, horseshoe kidneys will most often appear on ultrasound with fusion of the upper poles
What is:
False
A large mass within the cortex of the right kidney presents with heterogenous echotexture with visualization of intraluminal calcifications. With the use of color Doppler, a hypoechoic and vascular rim is noted.
Hypernephroma
Cystic mass of varying size found between the umbilicus and the bladder
What is:
Urachal Cyst
True or false, adrenal cysts will have a typical cystic pattern, strong posterior wall, and no internal echoes.
What is:
True
A "yin-yang" appearance on color Doppler is a tell-tale sign of this vascular abnormality, commonly found in the aorta.
What is:
Pseudoaneurysm
This congenital anatomy appears on ultrasound as a bulge of cortical tissue that is continuous in echogenicity with the rest of the renal cortex
What is:
Dromedary Hump
A large, hyperechoic and homogenous mass is visualized on ultrasound located within the cortex of the right kidney. The mass measures to be approximately 15 cm in diameter, and is absent of any intratumoral vascularity.
What is:
Renal Angiomyolipoma
Usually does not require sonographic evaluation to see. When it is on ultrasound, you will see an abdominal wall defect and presence of bowel loops or fat in a lesion.
What is:
Hernia
What are the typical sonographic findings in nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas?
What is:
Well-defined, round, slightly hypoechoic mass
This finding, seen in patients with severe portal hypertension, refers to the reversal of blood flow in the paraumbilical veins, often detected with color Doppler.
What is:
Recanalization of the umbilical vein
Describe the sonographic appearance of a column of Bertin?
What is:
The renal cortex invaginates into the medulla
A hyperechoic, polypoid mass is found in the renal pelvis with “finger-like projections” protruding from the mucosa. With further evaluation, another papillary mass with the same appearance was discovered in the bladder.
What is:
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Lobulated, confluent, hypoechoic mass surrounding an echogenic area. The term “Sandwich sign” is associated with this.
What is:
Lymphoma of the Omentum and Mesentery
What are the characteristic sonographic features of neuroblastomas?
What is:
Present as lesions with heterogeneous echogenicity and poorly defined margins. May show internal calcifications with anechoic cystic areas. The presence of an "ultrasound lobule," which is an area of increased echogenicity within the tumor, is considered characteristic of a neuroblastoma.
What sonographic properties can help a sonographer differentiate the common iliac arteries from the common iliac veins in an ultrasound exam?
What is:
Compressibility, pulsatility, color flow appearance, vessel wall thickness, rigidity
Describe two key factors of the sonographic appearance of an extrarenal pelvis
What is:
1. larger than normal
2. longer major calyces
Kidneys appear enlarged with a highly echogenic and enlarged renal sinus, as well as a thin cortical rim. Uniform loss of renal tissue is observed with the presence of intrarenal anatomy.
What is:
Renal Atrophy
These form a nodular, sheetlike, irregular configuration. Multiple small nodules are found along the peritoneal line.
What is:
Peritoneal Metastases
Which sonographic finding is associated with trauma or infection, where the adrenal gland initially appears as a solid mass, then evolves into a more cystic or complex appearance over time, eventually decreasing in size and potentially showing focal areas of calcification as it resolves?
What is:
Adrenal hemorrhage
In patients with right ventricular failure, the inferior vena cava exhibits this abnormal action while scanning.
What is:
Does not collapse with inspiration or expiration
What is the sonographic appearance of sinus lipomatosis?
a) Cortex is hyperechoic and parenchyma is atrophic
b) Sinus is hyperechoic
c) Kidney is enlarged and hyperechoic
d) Sinus is hyperechoic and parenchyma is atrophic
What is the sonographic appearance of sinus lipomatosis?
a) Cortex is hyperechoic and parenchyma is atrophic
b) Sinus is hyperechoic
c) Kidney is enlarged and hyperechoic
d) Sinus is hyperechoic and parenchyma is atrophic
Sonographic display of the left kidney demonstrates a somewhat “lumpy-bumpy” renal contour. Along the periphery of the renal border, an irregular, somewhat triangular area is visible, and presents a slightly more echogenic appearance compared to the overall parenchyma of the kidney.
What is:
Renal Infarction
These masses tend to be oriented inferomedially with a lateral displacement of the kidneys lower pole and medial displacement of the ureter. Anechoic or contain low level echoes.
What is:
Urinoma
A patient presents for an ultrasound examination, which reveals a tumor with a homogeneous appearance, a weak posterior wall, and poor acoustic transmission, distinguishing it from a cyst. The tumor displays a mix of sonographic features, including cystic, solid, and calcified components. Given these findings, what does the patient most likely have?
What is:
Pheochromocytoma