Civil liberties (speech/ religion)
This amendment guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment
This clause requires the government to treat citizens equally under the law.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
This clause prevents the government from establishing an official religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
This amendment guarantees the right to an attorney in criminal cases.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
This doctrine allows the Bill of Rights to be applied to the states.
What is selective incorporation?
In this case, students were said to not “shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This Supreme Court case required states to provide attorneys to defendants who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This Supreme Court case is infamous for upholding Japanese internment during WWII.
What is Korematsu v. United States?
This test from Schenck v. United States determines when speech is not protected.
What is the clear and present danger test?
This case established the exclusionary rule at the state level.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This level of scrutiny is used when laws involve race or fundamental rights.
What is strict scrutiny?
This case established the “imminent lawless action” standard for limiting speech.
What is Brandenburg v. Ohio?
This clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applies most Bill of Rights protections to the states.
What is the Due Process Clause?
This foundational case established judicial review, which later allowed the Court to protect civil rights.
What is Marbury v. Madison?