Infection Control
What is the 16 category standard format document that communicates the potential hazards associated with products containing chemicals?
SDS - Safety Data Sheets
Hydration and moisture are the key components of styling products that benefit what type of hair?
Curly and/or coily
What are the 4 parts of a marcel iron?
Rod, rod handle, shell, shell handle
Fill in the blank for all 4 types of hair bonds -
1. A strong chemical side bond. Joins the sulfur atoms of 2 neighboring amino acids. Perms & relaxers alter these bonds.
2. A weak physical side bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges. Easily broken by water or heat but reformed once the hair is dried or cool.
3. A very strong chemical bond that joins amino acids. These bonds link and form a polypeptide chain. This is the only end bond in the hair structure and cannot be reformed as the hair dissolves when these bonds are broken.
4. A weak physical side bond that form from attracting opposite charges. These bonds are broken by changes in pH meaning they are easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions.
1. Disulfide
2. Hydrogen
3. Peptide
4. Salt
What are warm colors vs cool colors?
Warm - red, yellow, orange
Cool - green, blue, purple
What should you use to remove a towel from a hot towel warmer?
Tongs
What is the difference between nail nippers and nail clippers?
Nippers are used to trim away dead skin around the nails
Clippers are used to shorten the nail's free edge
Is the difference between toenail clippers and regular clippers?
Yes, toenail clippers are larger than fingernail clippers.
What are 2 skills that many owners & managers view being just as important as technical knowledge skills?
Appearance & personality
This form of temporary hair removal is the most common.
Shaving
What standards address issues relating to your right to know about any potentially hazardous ingredients contained in the products & how to avoid those hazards?
OSHA
What kind of haircut lines are created using beveling & stacking techniques?
Diagonal
What is Ms. Pearl's natural hair color?
Brown
There are 3 processes we use in infection control. Fill in the correct process for each definition:
_______ is a mechanical process using soap & water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, & many disease causing germs from tools, implements & equipment.
_______ involves the use of a chemical to destroy most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.
_______ is the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Cleaning/Sanitizing
Disinfection
Sterilization
What are the differences between finger coils and comb coils?
Finger coils use your fingers to style, comb coils use a comb.
What is the difference between a spring iron and a marcel iron?
-Spring irons have a spring loaded clamp controlled by the thumb.
-Marcel irons allow the professional to manually control the clamp's pressure.
Use the definitions to name each parts of the hair root structure -
1. A tube like structure in the skin or scalp that surrounds the hair root & anchors the hair to the skin
2. Located at the base of the follicle, contains living cells that will form the hair strand
3. Located below the epidermis
4. Projects above the epidermis
1. Hair follicle
2. Hair bulb
3. Hair root
4. Hair shaft
What colors are complimentary for blue eyes?
Orange (because orange contains yellow & red, shadows with any of these colors will make eyes look bluer
List in order the steps of a Facial Procedure.
1. Drape client (towel across the chest & headband)
2. Wash your hands
3. Cleanse
4. Skin analysis (skin type, sensitivity, elasticity)
5. Exfoliate
6. Massage
7. Mask
8. Toner
9. Moisturizer
True or False: You should not file nails before soaking
False - you should always file nails before soaking - the nail plate absorbs water making it softer & more easily damaged during filing
What are the unique pedicure materials that are not used in manicures?
Toe separators & pedicure slippers
If you were to create yourself a hygiene pack to use at work, what are some items that should be included?
-Toothbrush & toothpaste
-Mouthwash
-Sanitizing hand wipes or liquid
-Dental floss
-Deodorant
True or False: The eyebrow's natural arch follows the orbital bone, or the curved line of the eye socket. Hair does not grow above or below that natural line.
False - hair can grow above or below the natural line and those hairs should be removed for a clean appearance.
During a hairstyling consultation, the cosmetologist notices that the client has wavy hair. Which property of the hair has the cosmetologist assessed?
Pattern
Combing the hair away from its natural falling position to increase the design's length is known as __.
Overdirection
How many kids does Mrs. England have?
2
What is the highest level of infection control & what equipment is used to reach it.
Sterilization
Autoclave
There are 5 things clients can do at home, specifically at night, to preserve their styles and get longevity. Name 3 of them.
-Silk or satin pillowcases
-Silk or satin bonnets or scarves while sleeping
-Pineapple wrap while sleeping
-Shower cap while showering
-Co-style with twists or Bantu knots
What types of style can be created with a flat iron?
Flat irons are used to straighten, smooth or curl hair.
Describe the differences in the scalp between dry and oily.
*think sebaceous glands, products in relation to these conditions, what to avoid*
Dry hair and scalp - has inactive sebaceous glands, excessive shampooing & changes in climate may aggravate, a lack of sebum may cause the hair to be dull, dry & lifeless, use products with moisturizers and emollients, avoid strong soaps and high alcohol content products.
Oily hair and scalp - has overactive sebaceous glands, use a shampoo that helps return the scalp to its own natural pH, avoid products that are harsh as they can trigger additional oil production, thoroughly rinse hair after shampooing.
What is foundation also known as?
Base makeup
Effleurage - light, continuous stroking movement applied in a slow rhythmic manner with the fingers or palms.
Petrissage - is a kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light, firm pressure. Offers deeper stimulation and improves circulation.
Tapotement - also known as percussion, involves the fingertips striking the skin in rapid succession or fast tapping movements. This should only be done lightly during facial procedures.
What are the 3 uses for a nylon nail brush during a manicure service?
1. For hand washing (both client and professional)
2. Remove filing dust or debris from the nail plate
3. To wash & scrub implements clean before disinfection
True or False: Toenails have a slower growth rate than fingernails.
True. The recommended time between pedicures is 4 weeks, scheduling regular monthly pedicures will promote overall foot health
What are some ways that beauty professionals stay informed & up to date on what is new & happening in the beauty industry?
- Professional magazines
- The internet / social media
- Conferences & trade shows
- Local & online education opportunities
What are the points of reference to use when determining the right shape for eyebrows?
1. The beginning of the brow should align with the edge of the nose
2. The middle of the brow, the height of the arch, should align with the pupil
3. The end of the brow should align at an angle with edge of the nose.
What is the foundation used for in an updo?
It's the base of the updo used to determine where the style will sit and used to secure all pins into.
While palming the shears, what is the proper finger position for holding the comb?
Thumb, index and middle
How old was Ms. Pearl when she graduated with her cosmetology license?
17
What type of disease is caused by parasites, such as lice and mites?
What type of disease is produced by organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites?
Parasitic disease
Pathogenic disease
How are coil twists created using the finger coil technique and the comb coil technique?
Small sections of natural hair are spiraled with fingers (finger coil technique) or a comb (comb coil technique) with desired styling product to create individual formations of tight cylindrical coils.
What is an example of a clamp-free iron and what type of curl do they create?
A clamp free iron is also called a wand. They create loose spiral waves and messy beach-y styles
Name the following parts of the hair shaft structure -
1. The hair's core, though, not all hair types have this
2. The outermost layer, during chemical services this part swells, allowing the chemicals to penetrate
3. Responsible for the hair's strength, elasticity, and color. Contributes to about 90% of the hair's weight. This is the fibrous protein layer.
1. Medulla
2. Cuticle
3. Cortex
Why should makeup be gently removed on the eye area?
The eye area has the thinnest skin on the body
There are several contraindications for facial treatments. Name 5 of the 14 potential contraindications and why it is a contraindication.
1. Accutane in the last 6 months
* Skin can blister or peel, med causes skin to thin
2. Retin-A or other exfoliating drugs
* Skin can blister or peel
3. Pregnancy
* General safety precaution
4. Metal bones or pins in body
* Electricity can possibly affect the metal
5. Heart conditions / pace maker
* Electricity can possibly affect rhythms
6. Known allergies
* Can have an allergic reaction
7. Seizures or epilepsy
* Light based treatments could trigger seizure
8. Oral steroids (prednisone)
* Can cause thinning of the skin - blister or peel
9. Autoimmune diseases (lupus, vitiligo)
* Stimulating treatments can cause unpredictable reactions
10. Diabetes
* If client has neuropathy, they may not feel pain in affected areas
11. Blood thinners
* Bleeding or bruising may occur
12. Sensitive, redness prone skin
* Redness can be aggravated
13. Open sores (cold sores - herpes simplex)
* Can spread or flare, they are infectious
14. Recent facial surgery or laser treatment
* Refer to medical provider for safety reasons
Name the 5 basic nail shapes.
-Square
-Squoval
-Round
-Oval
-Pointed
After a pedicure service, how do you properly clean and disinfect the whirlpool foot bath?
1. Put gloves & safety glasses on
2. Drain all water from the foot bath
3. Remove all parts (covers)
4. Scrub all removable parts with liquid soap, rinse and replace
5. Scrub all visible residue from the inside walls of the foot bath, rinse with clean warm water
6. Fill the foot bath with enough water to cover the jets, add the correct amount of disinfectant to the water, circulate for 10 minutes
7. Drain, rinse with clean warm water, disinfect all external parts and surfaces
What is taking pride in your work & committing yourself to consistently doing an excellent job for your clients, employer, and the salon team?
Work ethic
List in order the steps of a waxing procedure.
1. Wash hands & put on gloves
2. Brush eyebrows & agree on desired shape
3. Test the wax temperature on the inside of your wrist
4. Apply the wax in the same direction as the hair grows
5. Apply the strip over the wax, rub the strip in the same direction the wax was applied
6. Hold the skin taut, pull the strip quickly in the opposite direction of hair growth
7. Immediately apply pressure to the waxed area with a gloved finger for 5 seconds
8. Remove any wax residue & apply a soothing lotion
What is the highest level of washing our implements that can be done to destroy all microbial life, including spores?
Sterilization
What is the term for the visual line where the ends of the hair hang together?
What is Mrs. England's favorite season?
Winter (:
Fill in the blanks for the follow 6 step process of handling an exposure incident.
1. _____ the service and put _______ on
2. Wash the injured area with ______________
3. Apply ________ & _________
4. _______ single use contaminated objects
5. Remove all implements & ______ & ______ your station
6. _____ & _______ all implements or get ____ replacements if available
1. Stop the service, put gloves on
2. Wash the injured area with soap and water
3. Apply antiseptic & adhesive bandage
4. Discard single use contaminated objects
5. Remove all implements & clean and disinfect station
6. Clean & disinfect all implements or get clean replacements if available
How long should coil styles last? And what happens to the client's hair if not properly maintained?
Coil styling should last 2-3 weeks. The hair can easily start locking if not combed out by 4 weeks.
What do we call the undesired result of not properly placing the ends of the hair in the curling iron?
A fish hook
List and describe the 3 phases of hair growth.
Anagen - growth phase, new hair is produced
Catagen - brief transition period between the follicle's growth and resting phases
Telogen - resting phase, hair either sheds or remains in place until the next anagen phase
According to the American Medial Association, eye pencils should not be used where and why?
Eye pencils should not be used along the inner rims of the eyes due to risk of infection of the tear duct, tearing, vision blurring & permanent pigmentations of the mucous membrane.
Explain the 4 skin types and the signs that are associated with those types.
1. Normal - Soft, smooth surface, lacks fine lines or wrinkles, no greasy areas or flaky skin, few (if any) blemishes, even pore distribution
2. Dry - Pres are very small or not visible to the naked eye, skin appears dull & flaky, feels rough, thin & tight to the touch
3. Oily - Excessive lipid productions, shiny skin, large pores, skin appears thick & rough, sometimes has a waxy or yellowish appearance
4. Combination - Wider distribution of obvious or large pores in the T zone, pores become smaller toward the edges of the face
Name the equipment, tools & implements needed for a proper set up to perform a manicure service.
- Finger bowl
- Disinfection container
- Cotton / gauze container
- UV / LED curing light if doing gel
- Metal pusher or Wood pusher
- Nail nippers
- Tweezers
- Nail clippers
- Nylon nail brushes
- Files & buffers
1. Heel
2. Ball of foot
3. Side of big toe
Define and give examples of nonverbal communication.
Communication expressed by body language, eye contact, facial expressions & gestures.
Hand movements & placements, how long you hold eye contact or if you're talking and not looking at the person, how much space you give to others, how you use or avoid physical contact, how your fashion, style & hygiene communicate
What are the necessary safety precautions to take while performing a waxing service?
-Test the temperature of the wax before using
-Use a professional wax warmer, never a microwave
-Never allow wax contact with the eyes
-Never double dip - always get a new spatula
-Do not apply wax over warts, moles, abrasions or irritated skin
-Redness & swelling can occur after waxing, apply an aloe gel & cool compress to calm & soothe the skin
-Always ensure the skin is held taut to prevent bruising or lifting
What is a barrel curl?
A barrel curl is rolled in the shape of a roller set, without the roller. It is technically a pin curl technique
Describe what the outcome of texturizing is.
Removing extra bulk from the hair without decreasing the length.
What was Ms. Pearl's first job?
Receptionist at a hair salon