What is utilized on a patients chair or wheelchair to reduce pressure?
air or gel cushion
100
What is the ingredient in a barrier cream that provides a high level of skin protection from incontinence
zinc oxide
200
How often an at risk residents skin is inspected for breakdown?
Completed daily with personal cares. Documented weekly by licensed nurse
200
What is the greatest risk factor in the development of a pressure ulcer?
Immobility
200
What are 3 sources of moisture that can damage the skin?
Incontinence of urine and or stool, perspiration,wound drainage
200
What can be done to decrease shearing to the skin while a patient is in bed?
Keeping the head of bed lower than 30 degrees
200
True or false? Applying sheep skin, heating pads and donut rings can decrease skin damage
FALSE!
300
How do you check to make sure the patients cushion on their chair is decreasing pressure to the buttock area?
Evaluated by placing your hand under chair cushion or mattress overlay, lifting fingers up under the patients hips or shoulders. You should feel at least 1 inch of padding between resident and your fingers
300
Where do pressure ulcers are most likely to occur
Bony prominences, back of head,ears,shoulders,spine,hips,coccyx/sacrum,inner outer ankles,heels
Areas that rub-under compression stockings,casts, braces
300
What are 5 factors that contribute to pressure ulcer formation
Moisture,friction,shear,nutrition and immobility
300
What are some methods to improve a patients nutritional status?
Nutritional supplements, foods high in protein
300
What are methods to relieve pressure to the heels?
Pillows, heel suspension boot
400
What is friction?
-Skin rubbing over a surface like sheets
400
What is the first sign of a pressure ulcer?
Persistant area of redness or discoloration that does not disappear when pressure is relieved
400
What are factors that lead to skin breakdown in the elderly?
Thinning skin, decrease fat layers and decreased moisture
400
What can be applied to a patients bed to decrease skin breakdown due to friction?
A draw sheet/lift sheet
400
What are methods to pad between bony prominences such as knees, contracted extremities
rolled towel, small pillow, blanket rolled
500
Name 3 things to look for when inspecting residents skin
Change in skin color and or temperature,open areas or abrasions,mushy or boggy area, area painful to touch
500
What is the timeframe that immobility can cause tissue death/ischemia
can occur in 20 minutes
500
What is shearing?
When the skin sticks to a surface while the body is being pulled.
500
How often should a patient be repositioned while in bed? Up in a chair/wheelchair?
Every 2 hours in bed,every 15 minutes while in chair
500
Name 2 ways you can protect a residents skin from moisture?
In folds use a pillow case
Apply zinc barrier creams or other barrier creams
Frequent changes of adult briefs