Rulers and Leaders
Find the mistake: “The Taj Mahal was a palace built for the emperor to live in.”
It was a tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Accept: a tomb / a mausoleum / a memorial burial place for his wife.
Explorers wanted a Northwest Passage through North America. Where were they trying to reach?
Asia. Accept: China / India / the East Indies / Asian trading ports.
In the Gunpowder Plot, which building did the plotters plan to blow up while the king and political leaders were inside?
Parliament / the Houses of Parliament / the building where Parliament met.
What freedom were the Pilgrims seeking when they left England?
Freedom to worship according to their own beliefs. Accept: religious freedom / practise their religion without punishment.
Which city suffered both the Great Plague and a Great Fire in Chapter 12?
London.
Japan still had an emperor. Who actually controlled its army and government?
The shogun. Accept: the military ruler / military leader.
Jamestown did not find the gold its investors hoped for. Which crop became its “green gold”?
Tobacco.
In the English Civil War, the Cavaliers supported the king. Whom did the Roundheads support?
Parliament. Accept: the parliamentary side / Cromwell’s side.
King James claimed “divine right.” Who did he believe gave him the right to rule?
God. Accept: his authority came from God, rather than from his subjects.
Which European country took gold and silver from its colonies in South America?
Spain.
At peace talks, Queen Nzinga was offered a floor cushion while the Portuguese leader had a chair. How did she make sure she sat at the same height?
She had a servant kneel on hands and knees and sat on the servant’s back. Accept a clear description of using a servant as a seat.
A settler says, “I must work for six years to repay the cost of my voyage. Then I can leave.” What kind of worker is this?
An indentured servant. Accept: a servant working for a fixed number of years to pay for the journey. Do not require the technical term if the explanation is clear.
Dutch rebels broke their own dikes and flooded the land. How could this help them fight Spanish soldiers?
It stopped or hindered Spanish land armies and let Dutch boats reach towns or fight on the flooded land. Accept either military advantage.
William the Silent opposed Spain’s treatment of Protestants in the Netherlands. What did he want Protestants to be allowed to do?
Worship freely / practise their faith / preach without punishment or persecution.
A ruler is called a sultan, and his empire includes lands around the eastern Mediterranean. Which empire is this?
The Ottoman Empire. Accept: the Ottoman Turks / Turkish empire.
Hideyoshi could not easily attack a castle in a valley. How did he use the nearby river to force it to surrender?
He dammed the river, flooding the valley and surrounding the castle with water. Accept: blocked the river so the castle was flooded or cut off.
Henry Hudson’s crew forced him off his own ship. Why were they so angry with him?
They were hungry, cold and wanted to go home, but he insisted on continuing the search. Accept: he would not turn back despite dangerous conditions and shortages.
Near the end of Ming rule, soldiers were not being paid or fed. How did this make China harder to defend?
Soldiers deserted, joined rebels or stopped fighting effectively, weakening the army. Accept a clear link between unpaid, hungry troops and weaker defence.
Why did Japan’s rulers see Christian missionaries as a threat to their own power?
They feared foreign influence, divided loyalties or religious conflict and rebellion. Accept a clear explanation that a new foreign religion could challenge the shogun’s control.
Put these events in order: Great Fire of London / execution of Charles I / Cromwell’s rule.
Execution of Charles I → Cromwell’s rule → Great Fire of London. Exact dates are not required.
Put these Japanese rulers in chronological order: Tokugawa Ieyasu / Oda Nobunaga / Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Oda Nobunaga → Toyotomi Hideyoshi → Tokugawa Ieyasu. Accept surnames or pointing to the displayed names in the correct order.
Champlain did not find a route to Asia. Why was it still worth establishing a French colony in Canada? Give a trade reason and a settlement reason.
Trade: valuable furs and trade with Native peoples. Settlement: fresh water, fertile land, food or other useful natural resources. Accept one valid reason of each kind.
The Thirty Years’ War began over religion. Later, France fought to weaken a rival ruler. What other goal was now driving the war, and how was it different from the original dispute?
Political power, territory or control in Europe. The original dispute was about Catholic and Protestant worship; later fighting also served rulers’ ambitions. Accept the contrast in simple English.
Aurangzeb taxed Hindus more and excluded them from powerful positions. Explain how this could make his empire weaker.
It made many Hindu subjects angry and less loyal, encouraging resistance or rebellion and forcing him to spend resources maintaining control. Accept: unfair treatment led to opposition and weakened unity.
Complete the triangular trade route: European manufactured goods went to ____; enslaved Africans were taken to ____; plantation goods were shipped back to ____.
Africa → the Americas / the West Indies → Europe. Accept those three destinations in order.