Sound-Based Memory Processes
Silently repeating information in your head to keep it active uses this process.
What is subvocal rehearsal?
Confusion caused by items that sound alike is known as this phenomenon.
What is phonological similarity interference?
These researchers demonstrated sound-based confusion using letters.
Who are Conrad & Hull (1964)?
Tongue twisters overload this sound-based memory system.
What is auditory working memory?
When older information disrupts new learning, it is called this.
What is proactive interference?
This type of information is primarily handled by the phonological loop.
What is verbal information?
Which list is harder to remember: CTDGVB or CWQKR?
What is CTDGVB?
Their study showed that recall improves when items sound ____.
What is distinct?
Confusing similar names like “Cody” and “Brody” is caused by ____.
What is phonological overlap?
Similar-sounding items increase errors because they compete during ____.
What is rehearsal?
The phonological loop is best described as the ____ component of working memory.
What is the auditory component?
Similar-sounding stimuli interfere with recall because they share this feature.
What is phonology?
Research suggests that verbal information is encoded primarily by ____.
What are sounds rather than visuals?
Reading silently depends heavily on this internal speech process.
What is inner speech?
Switching categories can improve recall by reducing this problem.
What is semantic interference?
Remembering a phone number by repeating it relies on this sound-based system.
What is verbal working memory?
Mixing up “B” and “D” reflects memory errors caused by ____.
What is sound-based interference?
Repeating “la-la-la” during a task disrupts which memory process?
What is verbal rehearsal?
Forgetting spoken directions while distracted shows limits of ____.
What is working memory capacity?
The working-memory component most affected by interference from sound.
What is the verbal processing system?
When rehearsal is blocked, sound-based information fades quickly because it is ____.
What is short-lived?
Acoustic errors occur even when information is rehearsed ____.
What is silently?
A technique that temporarily disrupts brain regions to study memory.
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?
Verbal memory helps transfer information into this long-term system.
What is long-term memory?
Improved recall after changing categories demonstrates this effect.
What is release from proactive interference?