Definitions
DNA
Meiosis
Diagrams
100
Define gene
sections of DNA that code for a specific trait
100
What are the 4 bases?
A, T, C, G
100
What are the 4 phases?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
100
What process is this?
Crossing over
200
Define fertilisation
When a male gamete (sperm) joins with a female gamete (ovum) → a zygote is formed.
200
What does DNA wrap up to form?
Chromosomes
200
What process occurs before meiosis?
DNA replication
200
What phase is this?
Metaphase
300
Define locus
where genes are found on the chromosome.
300
What is complementary base pairing?
When A bonds with T, and C bonds with G
300
Why does meiosis occur?
To produce gametes.
300
What phase is this?
Telophase
400
Define purebred.
no variation in the characteristic being tested for.
i.e., either homozygous dominant (HH) or homozygous recessive (hh).
400
What is a nucleotide made up of?
made up of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base
400
What process occurs after meiosis?
Cytokinesis
400
What is this?
Haploid set of chromosomes
500
Define segregation
During meiosis, it is random which allele goes into which cell during anaphase.
As each chromosome has two alleles - there is a 50% chance an allele will end up in either gamete.
Result is variation in gametes.
500
What repeating units make up DNA?
Nucleotides
500
What processes occur during meiosis to produce variation, and at what stage do they occur?
Crossing over - prophase
Independent assortment - metaphase
Segregation - Anaphase
500
What is this?
Diploid set of chromosomes