Ganges River & Aral Sea
What is the significance of the Ganges River to Hinduism?
The Ganges River is:
- considered sacred
- worshipped as the goddess Ganga.
- It is believed that bathing in the river can purify one's soul.
What were three examples of materials used in Harappan jewlery?
gold, silver, copper, ivory, ceramics, beads, gemstones, and bone
What is the concept of dharma in Hinduism?
the moral and religious duty, law, or principle that governs a person's way of living.
"Follow Dharma, get good Karma"
Who is the founder of Buddhism? (Use Full Name)
Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha
How did art and literature thrive during the Gupta period?
supported artists, scholars, and poets
more sculptures, paintings, plays, poems, literature
What major environmental issue has affected the Aral Sea?
The Aral Sea has suffered from:
- severe shrinkage due to excessive irrigation
-water diversion from rivers, leading to ecological and economic problems.
- Soviet Union
Name one thing Harappan city planning was known for.
their advanced grid layout and sophisticated drainage systems.
What is karma in Hindu beliefs?
the belief that one's actions in this life will determine the fate of their next life.
How many days did Buddha meditate under the fig tree for, before reaching enlightenment?
49 days
What does Golden Age mean?
a time of peace, prosperity, and happiness.
A civilization is at its peak
Name three ways that people interact with the Ganges River.
- Bathing for religious purposes
- Washing clothes
- Fishing
- Drinking Water
- Irrigation
What does the discovery of toys and games suggest about Harappan society?
Harappan society valued play and childhood, indicating a well-developed social structure.
How many levels were in the Caste System?
what are they?
Four Levels
Brahmins (priests, intellectuals),
the Kshatriyas (warriors, leaders)
Vaishyas (merchants, traders)
Shudras: (laborers, artisans, and servants)
Where did Buddhism originate?
-Northeast region of India
-Modern day Nepal
Name 3 major achievements in mathematics during the Gupta Golden Age.
concept of zero as a number
decimal system
trigonometry
Pi
How has pollution impacted the Ganges River?
Pollution has caused:
- health problems for those who rely on the river for drinking water and bathing
- harm to aquatic life.
What was one of the cities in Harappan Society called?
What is Mohenjo-Daro
What is the ultimate goal of life in Hinduism?
The ultimate goal is to achieve moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara).
What are the 8 spokes of the Eightfold Path?
The Eightfold Path consists of guidelines for ethical and mental development, leading to enlightenment.
Right understanding
Right intention
Right speech
Right action
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right concentration
Who created the Gupta Golden Age?
Chandragupta II
Describe one traditional practice related to the Ganges River.
A traditional practice is the ritual of immersing ashes of the deceased in the Ganges, which is believed to help the soul attain moksha
Identify a significant artifact found at Mohenjo-Daro.
The Great Bath is a significant artifact found at Mohenjo-Daro, believed to have been used for ritual purification.
How is the caste system related to Hindu beliefs?
It is believed to be linked to one's karma and dharma from past lives.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
1) Life is filled with suffering
2) Desire causes suffering
3) Suffering can end by managing expectations and desires
4) The path to the end of suffering is the Eightfold Path.
During which period did the Gupta Empire flourish?
around 320 to 550 CE.