Foundations & Values
This framework, abbreviated PIE, reminds social workers to consider how family, culture, and society shape a person’s behavior.
What is Person-in-Environment?
Shulman describes practice unfolding across the preliminary, beginning, middle, and this final phase.
What is the ending (and transition) phase?
Called “The Mother of Social Work,” she co-founded Hull House.
Who is Jane Addams?
This term describes the worker’s effort to get in touch with a client’s possible feelings and concerns before a session even begins.
What is (tuning in) preparatory empathy?
This contracting skill helps an overwhelmed client break a large problem into smaller, more manageable pieces.
What is partializing?
Social workers “challenge social injustice” and pursue change on behalf of the oppressed in the name of this core NASW value.
What is social justice?
This four-step model of practice — study, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation — can lead to “linear thinking,” as in the broken-leg example.
What is the medical model?
This social work pioneer’s “Friendly Visitors” approach is considered the origin of social casework, now called direct practice.
Who is Mary Richmond?
Along with aligning with the client’s perspective and asking open-ended questions, this is the third key engagement strategy.
What is recognizing strengths?
This is the client’s granting of permission to the worker and agency to use specific intervention procedures, including diagnosis and treatment.
What is informed consent?
Reflective of a worker’s own values, knowledge, and experience, this is called social work’s most important tool.
What is the (professional) use of self?
This model instead views worker and client in a dynamic, reciprocal interaction, where each is constantly affected by the other’s “movement.”
What is the interactional model?
This journalist and anti-lynching pioneer was joined in her activism by Mary Church Terrell.
Who is Ida B. Wells-Barnett?
Along with trust and caring, this is the “general sense of getting along well with the worker” — one of three elements of the working relationship.
What is rapport?
Hepworth et al. (2017) describe reassuring, premature advising, and lecturing as examples of this broader category of unhelpful communication.
What are counterproductive communication patterns?
Barker (2003) defines this term as “the customs, beliefs, standards of conduct, and principles considered desirable by a culture, a group of people, or an individual.”
What are values?
This is the assumption of the interactional model holding that growth and change happen in relationship, because we need each other.
What is the assumption of symbiosis?
Of the Four I’s of Oppression — ideological, institutional, interpersonal, and this fourth type — this one is nicknamed “the oppressor within.”
What is internalized oppression?
The deepest “level of tuning in” asks whether the service setting is associated with a majority or dominant group — tuning in to the impact of this.
What is oppression?
This term names the “brief and commonplace daily indignities” that send hostile or negative slights to a person or group.
What are microaggressions?
This 2021 addition to the NASW Code of Ethics calls on social workers to engage in critical self-reflection and recognize clients as experts of their own culture.
What is cultural humility?
This psychologist, quoted in Module 2, wrote that understanding another person is risky because “I might be changed by that understanding.”
Who is Carl Rogers?
This five-letter acronym for cross-cultural practice stands for Accept, Wonder, Ask, Research, and Explain.
What is AWARE?
Per Shulman, this is “a social worker’s effort to feel, as best as possible, the emotions of a client.”
What is empathy?
This kind of practice draws upon “the positive strengths of diverse cultural beliefs and practices.”
What is culturally sensitive practice?