Theories
Which theory believed drug abuse and addiction was due to weak-will, inability to control impulses, and a part of human universal characteristic?
Nature Theory
Which of the socials turn the question of "why?" into "why not?"
Social process
social learning
social control
Social control
Criminal behavior is a reslt of negative attitudes and emotions that result from unpleasant social circumstances, such as failure to achieve positively valued goals such as wealth or academic success; the loss of positively values stimuli such as through unemployment or divorce; and the presence of negative stimuli such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. Stressful experiences coupled with a lack of attachment to the family has research that show strain factors. This is which theory?
Strain theory
Most likely to use all types of drugs with the exception of hallucinogens and alcohol.
Native Americans
Endorphins are released by the brain. Opioids also release endorphins and when taking them regularly the brain will stop making them because it thinks you have enough already. When you stop using drugs the brain needs time to recognize that it needs to start again. This is called what?
A neurochemical explanation for withdrawal.
Akers developed a theory that drug use/abuse was purely social in nature and that if one associates with primarily law-abiding, non-drug using people; law-abiding behavior will be reinforced. This is known as what?
Social Learning
This theory suggests that primary factors in determining who is seen as a criminal, a drug addict, or any other type of deviant are characteristics of the individual rather than of the acts in which he or she engages.
Label theory.
Rank higher than any other ethnic minority with regards to percentage of the population reporting "heavy" use of alcohol in the last 30 days.
Native Americans
Rats would prefer alcohol over water are bred with other rats who prefer alcohol, have offspring that prefer alcohol 80% of the time. What is this theory AND study?
Biological Theory / Animal Study
Lack of goals, interests, and emotional expression predisposes one to addiction, is known as what theory?
Personality theory.
What is one of the stigma's that women in drug use face?
it's not accepted for them but can be for men.
Least likely to have used any drugs (other than alcohol) within the last 30 days.
Asian Americans
In biological theories we talked about different studies. The following is true of which study?
Offspring of alcoholics are 3-5 times more likely to become addicted to alcohol.
There is a direct positive relationship regarding alcoholism in families.
Familial linkage to alcohol has been studied for over a century.
Family Pattern Studies
When a person is one who is not able to make the necessary adjustments required in normal daily living. Drug abuse is a mechanism for alleviating the frustrations and stress resulting from the inability to adjust to these conflicting demands. This is the belief of which theory/explanation?
Psychoanalytic explanation.
More likely to use alcohol and tobacco and non-medical useo f prescription drugs (like tranquilizers and pain killers).
Whites
Age group most likely to use illegal and legal drugs within the past month.
College age 18-25
Behavioral theories talks about cessation from withdrawal effects, the analgesic effect (pain relief), and euphoria as what?
Classical conditioning. A 1975 researcher found these 3 reinforcing effects of opiates.
There are 4 elements of a social bond. what are they?
attachment, commitment, involvement, belief.
More likely to have used on or more illicit drugs in the past 30 days.
Blacks
This group accounts for 30% of all prescription drug use.
Elderly