Terms/ Concepts
The occipital lobe is the primary receiving area for _______.
What is "vision"?
People often report that there are dark spots in the white areas at the intersections, but when they look directly at an intersection, the spot vanishes.
What is "the Hermann grid"?
The rat-man demonstration shows how recently acquired _______ can influence _________.
What is "knowledge" and "perception"?
What is "becoming aware of the nature of your own perceptual experiences"; "it's something you experience constantly, so it's interesting"; "understanding your senses"; "helpful in future perception-based careers"; "relevant to future studies in medical or science fields related to the body and mind"?
Choose one of the following that best describes the steps of the perceptual process
The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at perception
The steps are unidirectional, starting at the environmental stimulus and ending at knowledge
The steps are unidirectional, starting at transduction and ending at recognition
The sequence of steps is dynamic and constantly changing
What is "4, the sequence of steps is dynamic and constantly changing"?
The distal stimulus is in the _____
What is "environment"?
The area in the cerebral cortex that receives signals from all of the senses, and plays an important role in perceptions that involve the coordination of information received through two or more senses.
What is "the frontal lobe"?
Outline the seven-step perceptual process, including the additional step, in order from 1 through 7.
What is "distal stimulus --> light is reflected and focused --> receptor processes --> neural processing --> perception --> recognition --> action" and "knowledge"?
Explain the role of higher-level or “cognitive” processes in perception. Be sure you understand the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing
What is "how knowledge, memories, and expectations that people bring to a situation influence their perceptions"? What is "processing that is based on the stimuli reaching the receptors and start the perceptual process" and "processing that is based on knowledge"?
The process of transforming energy in the environment into electrical energy in the neurons is called __________.
a. refraction
b. transduction
c. reduction
d. construction
Sensation is often identified as ________.
What is "involves simple 'elementary' processes that occur right at the beginning of a sensory system, as when light stimulates receptors in the eye"?
This seven-step process begins with a stimulus in the environment and ends with the conscious experiences of perceiving, recognizing, and taking action upon the stimulus.
Dr. P., a well-known musician and music teacher, first noticed a problem when he began having trouble recognizing his students visually, although he could immediately identify them by the sound of their voices. After realizing the severity of this issue when he would misperceive common objects, Dr. P. was eventually diagnosed with _________.
What is "visual form agnosia"?
Describe the five questions that can be asked about the world out there and the measurement techniques that are used to answer them
What is "what is the perceptual magnitude of the stimulus?--magnitude estimation", "what is the identity of the stimulus?--recognition testing", "how quickly can I react to it?--reaction time", "how can I describe what is out there?--phenomenological report", and "how can I interact with it?--physical tasks and judgments"?
The image projected on the retina is best described as a _________ of the actual stimulus
Representation
Replication
Environmental stimulus
Scale model
What is "1, representation"?
The stimulus-perception relationship relates ______ to _______ _________.
What is "stimuli" and "behavioral responses"?
This receptor process transforms one form of energy into another form of energy. This process by the visual pigments is crucial for perception, because without it information about the representation of the distal stimulus would not reach the brain and perception would not occur.
What is "transduction"?
Furmanski and Engel (2000) determined the physiology-perception relationship for different line orientations by measuring the brain response and behavioral sensitivity in the same subjects. The behavioral measurements were made by decreasing the intensity difference between light and dark bars of a grating until the subject could no longer detect the grating's orientation. The results of this experiment confirmed this phenomenon.
What is "the oblique effect"?
Explain why perception can be studied by measuring three relationships. Give an example of how the oblique effect was studied by measuring each relationship
What is "each one provides information about different aspects of the perceptual process" and "the rat-man demonstration"?
This chapter argues that although perception seems simple, it is actually extremely complex when we consider “behind the scenes” activities that are not obvious as a person is experiencing perception. Cite an example of a similar situation from your own experience, in which an “outcome” that might seem as though it was achieved easily actually involved a complicated process that most people are unaware of.
Open-ended
The principle of transformation states that stimuli and responses created by stimuli are _________ between the _________ and __________.
What is "transformed," "distal stimulus," and "perception"?
This relationship relates physiological responses and behavioral responses.
What is "the physiology-perception relationship"?
Name one of Fechner's methods and what that method details.
What is "method of limits"; "adjustment stimuli"; "constant stimuli"?
Explain why it's important to distinguish between physical and perceptual
What is "no one-to-one relationship between physics and perceptual response"; "perception is psychology, not physics, and perceptual responses are not necessarily the same as the responses of physical measuring devices"?
Describe a situation in which you initially thought you saw or heard something but then realized that your initial perception was in error. What was the role of bottom-up and top-down processing in this example of first having an incorrect perception and then realizing what was actually there?
Open-ended