Kepler
Stars 1
Stars 2
Big Bang
Extra Questions
Final Jeopardy
100
The force that causes nebula to turn into stars and planets.
What is gravity?
100
At the sun's core, hydrogen atoms are combined to form helium. This process is called ______.
What is fusion?
100
The Milky Way and other galaxies nearby are called the Local Group. This force keeps the galaxies together.
What is gravity?
100
Current science suggests that the universe is...
A. expanding faster
B. expanding at a steady speed
C. Shrinking
D. none of these
What is A or B?
100
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is one piece of evidence of the Big Bang. It is found ________.
What is everywhere in space?
100
Example question.
What is the answer?
200
How the rocky and gas planets formed.
What is gravity pulling together rocky debris (rocky planets) and gasses (gas giants).
200
After using up most of its hydrogen, our sun will first become a ___ _____, then after it runs out completely it becomes a _____ _____.
What is a red giant?
What is a white dwarf?
200
What happens in when high mass stars use up all their hydrogen?
A. They crush down to a white dwarf.
B. They become white dwarfs, and grow into red giants.
C. They supernova and create neutron stars or black holes.
D. They supernova and turn into white dwarfs.
What is C?
200
Atoms are made up of these 3 particles.
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
200
Which one of these is not a planet in our solar system?
Saturn Venus Earth Uranus Eris Mars
What is Eris?
300
Finish the drawing to make it follow Kepler's first law: All planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus.
300
How are stars a balance of radiation and gravity?
Radiation energy pushes out, while gravity pulls the star materials back in.
300
These are the two ways energy travels from the core to the surface of a star:
A. radiation and convection
B. pressure and gravity
C. heat waves and light waves
D. drifting and floating
What is A?
(Just like the layer names guys!)
300
An astronomer looks at a far away star and compares it to our sun. Based on the spectra below, what should the astronomer think is happening?
They see redshift happening, which means the star is moving away from Earth.
300
Two stars have equal brightness, but one looks dimmer when we view it from Earth. What causes the second star to appear dimmer? (Use logic/common sense.)
It is farther away- we can't see it as well.
400
Compare and Contrast (list same and differences) for Kepler's Second and Third Law.
Same:
-Faster closer to sun
-Speed changes depending on how close to the sun/star
Different:
-Second Law=planets go faster in their orbit
-Third Law= comparing orbits to other orbits
400
According to the H-R diagram, these stars are the...
1. Most massive
2. Hottest
3. Largest
What are Blue Giants? (Top left)
What are blue stars (most left)?
What are Red Supergiants (top right)?
400
This is what happens to atoms during fusion. Be detailed in your answer.
What is having their nuclei (protons and neutrons) forced together. This gives off a lot of energy.
400
Why do we say that everything is made of "star stuff"? How does this support the Big Bang?
All atoms and atom parts (protons, neutrons, and electrons) formed in the big bang, and expanded out, becoming stars and the leftover stuff became planets (and us!).
400
Label the star layers on the image. (Will also accept a list from inside to outside.)
Or: core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona
400
Final Jeopardy- Stars
You may bet all or some of your points. If you get the question right, you get how much you bet added on to your total. If you get it wrong, that much is taken away.
Make your bets on the paper brought over by the game host. Discuss with your group now!
500
Which of these planets is fastest? Explain your answer.
B or C is fastest.
Kepler's Third Law says orbits closer to the star go faster
But the Second Law says that a planet closer to the star in its orbit goes faster
Without more information, we can't tell who is faster.
500
Stars cannot use fusion to combine helium and iron to create a new element. According to this image, why can they not do so? (Must create answer using image and what we've talked about this unit.)
Iron does not release energy when fused, instead, it absorbs energy. Without energy pushing out, a star goes out of balance (radiation vs. gravity) and collapses in on itself.
500
Based on the elemental spectra below, what is the following star made of?
What are helium and sodium?
500
Describe what is happening during redshift using ALL of the following words: waves, light, red, Doppler effect, observer
Redshift is caused by a light wave stretching, and turning red because of the stretch. The stretching is caused by the Doppler Effect, where waves get stretched as they move away from the observer.
500
What causes the seasons on Earth? You must include the following terms in your answer: temperature, daylight, and Earth's tilt.
Seasons are a change in temperature that is caused by the amount of daylight (direct sunlight) that a hemisphere (northern or southern) receives. The hemispheres receive different amounts during the year because the Earth is tilted, making one side have more daylight than the other.
500
Question: An astronomer discovers a new star- it is a large blue star. Based on this description:
1. What else do we know about the star?
2. What will happen to this star when it dies?
3. How will the star's death impact other nearby space objects?
All questions must be fully answered to get points.
1. It is very hot and bright. It is likely very massive.
2. It will supernova, and turn into either a neutron star or a black hole.
3. The supernova will spread star elements and tons of energy into space. A neutron star will give off energy, and black hole will absorb anything that gets close enough.