Background
From 1820-1931, Spain lacked this economic aspect while instead being predominantly agricultural, which was inefficient and led to rioting and disorder in the countryside.
What is industry?
Industrial modernization and reform were limited by poverty.
The difficulties of this type of worker was central to discontent leading to the war since there were fundamental problems, so most lived in poverty.
What are agricultural workers?
The League of Nations agreed to this policy in 1936, stating that the civil war was an internal affair.
What is non-intervention?
Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia all agree that this means all countries should remain neutral.
This leader saw the civil war as an opportunity to try new weapons and methods and openly broke the rules of the treaty with Guernica in 1937 that demonstrated new devastating and fast warfare.
Who is Hitler?
France and Britain were shown to be weak because of non-intervention, but this country became emboldened with increased aggression due to a triumph after ignoring non-intervention.
What is Germany?
This group was in a powerful political position, believing it was the protector of the nation, although it was unpopular with people for its brutality, costliness, and ineffectiveness.
What is the Spanish Army?
It had the right and duty to intervene in politics if a crisis occured as protector. The last intervention in 1936 would lead to a civil war.
Political opposition increased when groups opposed the political status quo. This movement and the Spanish Socialist Party supported the revolution that ousted the king in 1931.
What is the Liberal Movement?
The anarchists were another major political group because they demanded land redistribution, which was popular with peasants.
(Clear political divsions)
Officially, this country stuck to the agreement, but unofficially smuggled small amounts of arms to help the Republicans since they were ruled by a similar popular front government as Spain in 1936.
What is France?
Stalin gave limited aid to the Republicans in return for this resource.
What is gold?
This alliance was signed in 1936 after Germany and Italy became closer.
What is the Rome-Berlin Axis?
This type of church in Spain was rich and powerful, but was tied closely to the aristocracy, leading to resentment among the poor.
What is the Catholic Church?
In 1936, Spain was polarized between these two groups who took a stance on ideologies of the time period.
What are anit-Fascist and anti-Communist?
Mussolini wanted to support this side of the conflict because he didn't want Italy surrounded by the opposing type of government, the conflict would help divert Italian attention away from poor living standards, and he could set up a puppet government for control of the Mediterranean.
What are the Nationalists?
Hitler hoped to get closer to this country as a potential future ally by supporting the spread of a Fascist regime along with the alliance of Spain who would help control the Meditarranean in a future war.
What is Italy?
This policy was supported to a greater extent by democracies.
What is appeasement?
This type of government is overthrown in 1870 and the First Republic is established, but it is restored in 1871 by the army.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
(long-term structural problems)
The constitutional monarchy is correct with rigged elections.
The Second Republic is established in 1931 after General Primo de Rivera abdicates.
After the creation of the Second Republic with the fall of the monarchy, three groups were elected in the followig years; first the Left Republic (1931-1933), then the Right Republic (1933-1936), and finally this party before the beginning of the civil war.
What is the Popular Front?
Notes: anti-Fascist, coalition of the left-wing groups, wanted to restore reforms from 1931-33.
Stalin wanted to prevent a victory for Franco, but also wanted to prevent a communist revolution that could damage Russia's relations with Great Britain and France, so Stalin's goal was to be seen supporting this government.
What is the legally elected government?
Volunteers from over 53 countries made up this group who wanted adventure, were idealists, and wanted to fight against a Fascist government.
What are the International Brigades?
Note: There was only a little sponsorship from Russia.
Incorporated into the Republican army in the last stage of war.
This leader gained practical military lessons that could be applied to later campaigns in 1940.
Who is Hitler?
This group led by General Franco would become known with this name, who were insurgents wanting to unseat the government and resisted radical reform consisting of the army, church, landowners, and right wing political groups.
What are Nationalists?
Note: The other side were the Republicans (the elected, seated government who had the support of some of the army, workers, peasants, and the left wing political group. This group wanted to radical reform.)
Military officers planned this event after the victory of the left in the 1936 election that directly started conflict with the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
What is a coup?
It can be argued that this country was the most invested because they gave the most troops and military aid to support their side in the war.
What is Italy?
This was the only country that actually stuck to the policy of non-intervention.
What is Britain?
Note: As a conservative government, could not support a popular front government, but also couldn't support the nationalist/Franco side. Also, Britain wasn't militarily or financially capable.
Along with the material destruction, this other effect on Italy was long lasting with hatred remaining for decades.
What is the human cost?