General
This common meal reinforced equality, discipline and loyalty among Spartan citizens
What is the syssitia.
Compared to women in most other Greek poleis, Spartan women enjoyed significantly more of this in terms of owning land.
What is property ownership
These hereditary land allotments were assigned to Spartan citizens.
What were kleroi?
Spartan soldiers were renowned for carrying this large round shield.
What is a hoplon.
Spartan youths (male) participated in rituals honouring this goddess at an important sanctuary.
Who is Artemis Orthia
This secret institution is believed to have monitored and intimidated the helot population.
What is the krypteia.
Spartan women received this type of education to prepare them for motherhood and managing estates.
What is physical (or athletic) education
This was the main economic activity that supported Sparta's citizen population.
What is agriculture
This military formation relied on heavily armed infantry fighting shoulder to shoulder.
What is the phalanx
This god of prophecy had one of Sparta's most significant religious sanctuaries at Amyclae.
Who is Apollo
The primary purpose of the Spartan military was not only external defence but also maintaining control over this population.
Who were the helots.
As men spent much of their lives in military service, Spartan women often managed these.
What were family estates (or kleroi)?
This group specialised in manufacturing, trade and crafts rather than full citizenship.
Who were the perioikoi.
The production of these military items was largely carried out by the perioikoi.
What is weapons and armour.
This god of the sea was also worshipped by the Spartans despite their land-based military focus.
Who is Poseidon.
This group worked the land and supplied agricultural produce to Spartan citizens.
Who were the helots
This legal process enabled many Spartan women to accumulate significant wealth through family succession.
What is inheritance
Sparta famously used these instead of precious metal coins for many transactions.
What were iron bars (or iron spits)?
Although less famous than Athenian ceramics, Sparta still produced this important craft product.
What is Laconian pottery.
Religious festivals reinforced this key aspect of Spartan society by bringing citizens together.
What is social cohesion or civic unity.
Some ancient sources suggest this organisation required young Spartans to survive by stealth while targeting helots.
What was the krypteia
By the fourth century BCE, some estimates suggest Spartan women owned this proportion of Spartan land.
What was around two-fifths (or approximately 40%)?
Although discouraged, Sparta still participated in this economic activity with other Greek states.
What is trade.
The Dioscuri were celebrated as protectors of these people.
Who were Spartan warriors (or Spartans)?
These divine twin brothers were especially associated with Sparta.
Who were the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux)?