Exceptionality
While learning disabilities, communication disorders, and emotional disturbances are considered high-incidence disabilities, deafness, blindness, and severe intellectual disabilities are considered this...
What are low-incidence disabilities?
According to IDEA, transition planning must begin by this age, though some states may start earlier.
What is 16?
The IDEA mandates that students with disabilities be educated with their nondisabled peers to the greatest extent appropriate, a principle known as this.
What is Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)?
A framework used to screen general education students, provide interventions and progress monitor general education students who are under-performing or displaying behavioral issues while categorizing student data into 3 tiers is known as
Multi Tiered System of Supports - MTSS
What is the name of the approach used to assess students using traditional standardized testing, such as norm-referenced assessments and criterion-referenced tests and evaluate student performance using uniform procedures and scoring. This testing approach may be limited in effectiveness because the language and content may not be culturally or linguistically accessible to students from diverse backgrounds.
What are the traditional standardized testing approaches?
A professional who must attain special expertise in instructing students with learning problems, managing serious behavior problems, using technological advances, and knowing the special education law.
Who is a special educator?
The legal term requiring a student to be separated from nondisabled classmates and from home, family, and community as little as possible.
What is the least restrictive environment?
The social movement of the 1960s and 1970s whereby large numbers of persons with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illness were moved from large mental institutions into smaller community homes or into the homes of their families. It is recognized as a major catalyst for integrating persons with disabilities into society.
What is deinstituitionalization?
This principle, often referenced in special education litigation, refers to the level of meaningful educational benefit a student must receive to comply with IDEA.
What is the de minimis standard versus meaningful benefit (as clarified in Endrew F.)?
This individualized instructional approach, required under IDEA, involves adapting the content, methodology, or delivery of instruction to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities. It ensures access to the general education curriculum while addressing specific learning challenges through accommodations, modifications, and evidence-based strategies.
What is Specially Designed Instruction (SDI)?
When determining LRE, the IEP team must consider these two key factors to justify placement outside the general education setting.
What are the potential benefits of the general education setting and
the potential harmful effects of inclusion on the student or others?
IDEA mandates that this percentage of federal Part B funds must be reserved for activities such as professional development, direct services, and improving educational results for students with disabilities.
What is 15% (for Coordinated Early Intervening Services, CEIS)?
A long-standing problem is the disproportionate representation in special education of these two groups.
Who are males and ethnic minority students?
This type of support alters how a student accesses instruction or demonstrates knowledge without changing the learning standards
What is an accommodation?
In 1982, the U.S. Supreme Court made its first interpretation of P.L. 94-142 in this case involving a child who was deaf.
What is Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley?
A situation where all students with disabilities attend only general education classes for the entire day. The general education teachers have primary responsibility for all students, including those with disabilities.
What is full inclusion?
The use of this assessment to assess students' progress is particularly beneficial to students from diverse populations because it involves students' responses to their usual instructional materials and thus decreases the likelihood of cultural bias.
What is curriculum-based measures?
This U.S. Supreme Court case determined that schools cannot unilaterally change a student’s placement without parental consent during due process proceedings, reinforcing the "stay-put" provision of IDEA.
What is Honig v. Doe (1988)?
This collaborative team, often consisting of general and special education teachers, school psychologists, intervention specialists, and other professionals, works together to identify and support students struggling academically or behaviorally before considering special education placement. They implement and monitor targeted interventions to help students succeed in the general education setting or are part of the referral evaluation planning meeting.
What is a Multidisciplinary Team MDT
According to IDEA, a student cannot be deemed eligible for special education services if their learning difficulties are primarily due to this factor, which must be ruled out during the evaluation process.
What is lack of appropriate instruction in reading or math (or limited English proficiency)?