Chronic Disease & Risk Factors
This type of exercise best reduces mortality in people with heart disease.
What is aerobic training?
The BMI cutoff for obesity is this.
What is 30?
Explain why people with diabetes should perform resistance and aerobic training.
What is increased skeletal muscle glucose transport (via GLUT-4 activation)?
This variable, when chronically low due to exercise, can delay puberty.
What is energy availability (negative energy balance)?
Pregnant women who performed vigorous exercise before pregnancy may continue at this intensity during pregnancy.
What is vigorous intensity?
Complexes are useful for tactical operators because they develop this.
What are multiple fitness variables at once?
This mineral is the primary structural component of bone and is required for normal bone remodeling.
What is calcium?
A diabetic client becomes lightheaded during moderate aerobic exercise. What should you do first?
What is reduce intensity and check for hypoglycemia?
This chronic illness causes the most deaths per year.
What is heart disease?
This is why BMI is useful for population health but limited for individual assessment.
What is that BMI does not differentiate between lean mass and fat mass?
This type of training best prevents or slows age-related sarcopenia.
What is hypertrophy training?
Compared with adults, children experience smaller gains in this fitness component because they lack full hormonal maturity.
What is muscular hypertrophy?
After the first trimester, this position should be avoided during exercise.
What is supine?
Military training places too much emphasis on this and too little on force production.
What is cardiovascular endurance?
This lifestyle factor accelerates bone loss by decreasing blood flow to bone tissue and impairing osteoblast function.
What is smoking?
Warmups for asthma should include bursts of this intensity, which lead to bronchodilation.
What is high intensity?
Rapid changes between sympathetic and parasympathetic states increase heart disease risk in this tactical population.
Who are firefighters?
This factor has the greatest impact on daily energy expenditure.
What is resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
Older adults experience fewer falls when they train this physical quality.
What is muscular power?
Compared to adults, children have higher heart rates at a given absolute workload because this cardiopulmonary variable is lower.
What is stroke volume?
A perimenopausal woman with resistance-training experience reports disrupted sleep, increased training fatigue, and slower recovery after progressing to heavier loads. Based on physiological changes during menopause, the MOST appropriate adjustment is to modify this training variable first to maintain progress while limiting symptom burden.
What is reduce training volume?
Energy-dense snacks are recommended because operators need this in unpredictable environments.
What is readily available energy?
This type of exercise creates the mechanical loading needed to stimulate osteoblast activity and improve bone density. Also, give an example.
What is weight-bearing impact exercise?
A Type II diabetic exercises 3 days per week but still has poor glucose control. This is the first change recommended.
What is increase aerobic training to 5–7 days/week?
List three conditions that atherosclerosis contributes to.
What are PAD, CHF, and angina? (Nearly any vascular condition)
This is the primary reason two people with the same caloric deficit may lose weight at different rates.
What is variation in resting metabolic rate and metabolic adaptation?
Someone with PAD should determine exercise intensity using this symptom.
What is intermittent claudication severity?
Children undergoing or recovering from cancer treatment often experience severe fatigue. Because of this, the safest initial exercise approach prioritizes this type of training structure.
What is short, intermittent bouts of low-to-moderate activity?
A woman with the Female Athlete Triad should focus her resistance training on these adaptations (name at least one).
What are hypertrophy and bone mass?
The autonomic shifts that raise CV risk often happen during these unpredictable events.
What are emergency calls?
A client with nonspecific low back pain has been consistently completing both aerobic and resistance training. This week, they report increased discomfort but still want to continue exercising. Which aspect of their program is the MOST appropriate one to adjust first?
A client with stable systemic lupus erythematosus has been completing low-intensity walking for several weeks with no symptom flare. They ask whether they can try interval training to improve fitness. Based on exercise research in SLE, the MOST appropriate response is:
What is that higher-intensity aerobic exercise is safe and effective when the disease is stable and symptoms are well-controlled?
A chronic disease is defined as this type of condition in terms of duration and progression.
What is long in duration, slow in progression, and influenced by behavior?
This component of energy expenditure varies the most day-to-day and can influence weight management significantly.
What is NEAT (non-exercise activity thermogenesis)?
People with congestive heart failure (CHF) should begin aerobic exercise at low intensities primarily to avoid this physiological response, which can worsen symptoms.
What is reactive hyperemia?
Compared with adults exercising at the same relative intensity, children rely more on oxidative metabolism and therefore show higher breathing frequency and lower glycolytic contribution during high-intensity exercise. This combination explains why children demonstrate greater ability to do this after intense bouts.
What is recover more quickly from high-intensity exercise?
A collegiate runner with low energy availability and menstrual irregularity wants to increase mileage to improve performance. According to Triad guidelines, the FIRST training modification should focus on this aspect of the program.
What is reducing training volume to restore energy availability?
Thoracic mobility matters for tactical operators because it enables this scapular movement.
What is upward rotation?
The primary stabilizer of the lumbar spine is this deep abdominal muscle group.
What is the transverse abdominis?
A client with Fibromyalgia tells you they plan to “fix the problem” by exercising more, taking ibuprofen, and eating only anti-inflammatory foods. What do you say to them?
What is explaining that Fibromyalgia is due to central sensitization, so the goal is gradual, tolerable activity rather than reducing inflammation?