Gustation and olfaction
The special sense associated with the tongue
What is gustation?
The conversion of sound waves into neural signals facilitated by the structures of the ear
The special sense associated with balance
What is equilibrium?
The special sense of sight
The loss of olfaction, or smell
What is anosmia?
The special sense associated with smell
What is olfaction?
The fleshy part of the ear that contributes to localization and amplification of sound waves.
What is the pinna?
Head movement is sensed by hair cells in this structure
What is the semicircular canal?
Tears are produced by this gland
What is the lacrimal gland?
What is ageusia?
Nitrogen containing molecules that are commonly found in bitter-tasting products, specifically plant products
What is alkaloids?
The structures of the external ear
What is the auricle, ear canal, and tympanic membrane?
Head position is sensed by hair cells in these 2 structures
What is the utricle and saccule
The white and clear parts of the eye, respectively
What is the sclera and the cornea?
An abnormal perception of sound, resulting in a "ringing" sound in the ears
Initial sensory olfactory neurons are located in this small region within the superior nasal cavity
What is olfactory mucosa epithelium?
The structures of the middle ear
What is ossicles? i.e. malleus, incus, and stapes
Continuous and prolonged input from the semicircular canal is seen in rapid eye-tracking movements called what?
What is physiological nystagmus?
Visual acuity is strongest in this small area, located at the center of the retina.
What is the fovea centralis?
If you have a misshapen cornea, you have this optical abnormality
What is astigmatism?
Salty and sour are triggered by these two cations
What is Na+ and H+?
The structures of the inner ear
What is the cochlea, the vestibule and the semicircular canals?
As the head moves within a parallel plane aligned with the semicircular canal, endolymph fluid lags behind, causing the cupula to deflect in the opposite direction of the head's motion; this triggers hair cells to depolarize and transmit sensory information to what cranial nerve?
What is CNVIII, or the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Rods are sensitive to vision in low light conditions called this, and cones are sensitive to vision in brighter light conditions called this, respectively.
What is scotopic light and photopic light?
This dysfunction results in clouding of the lens leading to blurriness and/or loss of vision. Aging, diabetes, smoking, and UV light are all risk factors for this issue.
What is cataracts?